Chapter 1- Sarah Bailey Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 1- Sarah Bailey Deck (21)
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1
Q

Name three neurotransmitters implicated in the monoamine hypothesis

A

Noradrenaline
Serotonin
Dopamine

2
Q

Name a benzodiazepine and say where it acts

A

Diazepam–> acts at GABAa receptors

3
Q

Where does buspirone act?

A

5HT-1A receptors

4
Q

How is the HYpothalamic pituitary adrenal axis involved in stress?

A

Hypothalamus-> corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH)

Pituitary gland -> adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Adrenals release cortisol = stress response

5
Q

Name two cortisol biosynthesis inhibitors

A

Ketoconazole

Metyrapone

6
Q

Name a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist

A

Mifepristone

7
Q

What is the dexamethasone suppression test

A

Clinically administered test, non suppression of cortisol secretion in the dexamethasone suppression test is a biomarker for depression/treatment success

8
Q

What is ketoconazole

A

An imidazole derivative which acts as a potent inhibitor or cortisol and aldosterone synthesis by inhibiting the activity of 17a-hydroxylase and 11-hydroxylation steps

9
Q

True or false: cortisol has a higher affinity for the mineralocorticoid receptor over the glucocorticoid receptor

A

FALSE higher affinity for GR

10
Q

List 6 neuropeptide transmitters implicated in anxiety/depression

A
Corticotrophin- releasing factor (CRF)
Neurokinins (NK, sub P) 
Neuropeptide Y 
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Galanin 
Bombesin
11
Q

What is adult neurogenesus

A

The ability of the adult brain to generate new neurones by proliferation, migration, differentiation,survival and integration and it’s localised to discrete brain regions

12
Q

What is BDNF

A

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a protein that is encoded by the BDNF gene, it promotes the survival of neurones by playing a role in growth/maturation and maintenance

13
Q

What is the amygdala involved in

A

Emotion and fear

14
Q

What is the prefrontal cortex involved in

A

Mood, memory, cognition

15
Q

How do neurotrophins stimulate neurogenesis

A

Bind to tropomyosin receptor kinases TrKA, B and C

16
Q

Neurotrophins signalling through TrKA kinases cause what

A

Increased intracellular signalling (PKB, PLC, RAS/MAP)

17
Q

True/false: corticosteroids decrease neurogenesis

A

TRUE

18
Q

What is neurogenesis

A

The ability of the adult brain to make new neurones. The hippocampus has the ability to make new brain cells

19
Q

Theory of how AHN is involved in depression?

A

Impaired adult hippocampal neurogensis implicated in depression (reduction in neurogenesis)

20
Q

Name 5 regulators of neurogenesis

A
Intrinsic cell programming (TF)
Neurotransmitters (5HT,NA,DA)
Neurotrophic factors (BDNF,NGF,VEGF)
Glucocorticoids
Environmental stimuli (exercise)
21
Q

Knocking out the 5HT1A receptor in mice resulted in them being insensitive to SSRI effects and having less neurogensis

A

Santarelli 2003