Chapter 10 Vocabulary

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

Functional unit that controls inherited trait expression that is passed on from one generation to another generation

Question 2

Homologous chromosome

Answer 2

One of two paired chromosomes, one from each parent, that carries genes for a specific trait at the same location

Question 3

Gamete

Answer 3

A haploid sex cell, formed during meiosis, that can combine with another haploid sex cell and produce a diploid fertilized egg

Question 4

Haploid

Answer 4

Cell with half the number of chromosomes as a diploid cell

Question 5

Fertilization

Answer 5

Process by which haploid gametes combine, forming a diploid cell with 2n chromosomes, with n chromosomes from the female parent and n chromosomes from the male parent

Question 6

Diploid

Answer 6

Having two copies of each chromosome

Question 7

Meiosis

Answer 7

Reduction division process, occurring only in reproductive cells, in which one diploid(2n) produces four haploid (n) cells that are not genetically identical

Question 8

Crossing over

Answer 8

Exchange of chromosomal segments between a pair of homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis

Question 9

Genetics

Answer 9

The science of heredity

Question 10

Allele

Answer 10

Alternative form that a particular gene may have for a particular trait

Question 11

Dominant

Answer 11

Mendel’s name for a specific trait that appeared in the F1 generation

Question 12

Recessive

Answer 12

Mendel’s name for a specific trait hidden or masked in the F1 generation

Question 13

Heterozygous

Answer 13

Organism with two different alleles for a specific trait

Question 14

Homozygous

Answer 14

Organism with two of the same alleles for a specific trait

Question 15

Genotype

Answer 15

An organism’s allele pairs

Question 16

Phenotype

Answer 16

Observable characteristic that is expressed as a result of an allele pair

Question 17

Law of segregation

Answer 17

Mendelian law staying two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis

Question 18

Law of independent assortment

Answer 18

Mendelian law stating that a random distribution of alleles occurs occurs during the formation of gametes

Question 19

Hybrid

Answer 19

Organism heterozygous for a specific trait

Question 20

Polyploidy

Answer 20

Having one or more extra sets of all chromosomes, which, in polyploid plants, can often result in greater size and better growth and survival

Question 21

Genetic recombination

Answer 21

New combination of genes produced by crossing over and independent assortment