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Flashcards in Chapter 12 Deck (27)
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1
Q

phase

A

A physically distinct and homogeneous part of a system

2
Q

intermolecular forces

A

The attractive and repulsive forces among the particles- molecules, atoms, or ions- in a sample of matter.

3
Q

phase change

A

A physical change from one phase to another, usually referring to a change in physical state

4
Q

condensation

A

The process of a gas changing into a liquid

5
Q

vaporization

A

The process of changing from a liquid to a gas

6
Q

freezing

A

The process of cooling a liquid until it solidifies

7
Q

melting(fusion)

A

The change of a substance from a solid to a liquid

8
Q

sublimation

A

The process by which a solid changes directly into a gas

9
Q

deposition

A

The process of changing directly from gas to solid

10
Q

heat of vaporization

A

The enthalpy change occurring when 1 mol of a liquid substance vaporizes.

11
Q

heat of fusion

A

The enthalpy change occurring when 1mol of a solid substance melts

12
Q

heat of sublimation

A

The enthalpy changes occurring when of a solid substance changes directly to a gas.

13
Q

heating-cooling curve

A

A plot of temperature vs. time for a substance when heat is absorbed or released by the system at a constant rate

14
Q

dynamic equilibrium

A

The condition at which the forward and reverse relations are taking place at the same rate, so there is no net change in the amounts of reactants or products

15
Q

vapor pressure

A

The pressure exerted by a vapor at equilibrium with its liquid in a closed system

16
Q

Clausius-Clapeyron equation

A

An equation that expresses the linear relationship between vapor pressure P of a liquid and temperature T.

17
Q

boiling point

A

The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a gas equals the external pressure

18
Q

melting point

A

The temperature at which the solid and liquid forms of a substance are at equilibrium

19
Q

phase diagram

A

A diagram used to describe that stale phases and phase changes of a substance as a function of temperature and pressure

20
Q

triple point

A

The pressure and temperature at which three phases of a substance are in equilibrium. In a phase diagram, the point at which three phase-transition curves meet.

21
Q

critical point

A

The point on a phases diagram above which the vapor cannot be condensed to a liquid; the end of the liquid-gas curve

22
Q

van der Waals radius

A

One-half of the shortest distance between the nuclei of identical non bonded atoms

23
Q

ion-dipole force

A

The intermolecular attractive force between an ion and a polar molecule.

24
Q

dipole-dipole force

A

The intermolecular attraction between oppositely charged poles of nearby polar molecules

25
Q

hydrogen bond

A

A type of dipole-dipole force that arises between molecules that have an H atom bonded to a small, highly electronegative atom with lone pairs, usually N,O, or F.

26
Q

polarizability

A

The ease with which a particle’s electron cloud can be distorted

27
Q

dispersion force

A

The intermolecular attraction between all particles as a result of instantaneous polarizations of their electron clouds; the intermolecular force primarily responsible fro the condensed states of non polar substances