Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

What depends on police supervisors who lead their lives and manage their relationships around values and ethics?

Trust

Community-oriented policing services

Problem-oriented policing

Mission

A

Community-oriented policing services

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2
Q

What do police supervisors who lead their lives and manage their relationships around values and ethics do?

They see and believe in a mission that is devoted to serving and helping their customers

They exercise self-discipline and are not afraid of hard work

They know how and where to allocate their time

All of the above

A

All of the above

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3
Q

What depends on police leaders who can convert COPS into operational reality?

The community

The officers

Problem-oriented policing

The goals of a vision/mission statement

A

Problem-oriented policing

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4
Q

What is the action and performance of COPS?

Problem-oriented policing

An operational reality

Community participation

All of the above

A

Problem-oriented policing

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5
Q

_____ gives us a destination, while _____ provides a path to get there.

POP / COPS

COPS / POP

Leaders / COPS

Community / POP

A

COPS / POP

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6
Q

What are the basic elements of COPS and POP?

Officer’s knowledgeable of the community values of the area they serve

Citizen participation

Police officer - citizen communication

All of the above

A

All of the above

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7
Q

What was the purpose of federally funded police-community relations models that sprang up throughout the country?

Encourage communication, promote mutual support, and bring police officers closer to the community

Promote communication with the community, encourage mutual support, and allow officers to work with the community

Experience success through community relations while making the police agencies stronger from within

By providing positive examples of community relations, allow the agencies to communicate better with the citizens, and to build team cohesiveness

A

Encourage communication, promote mutual support, and bring police officers closer to the community

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8
Q

What was burdened by a lack of documented successes and failures?

Community-oriented policing programs

Problem-oriented policing programs

Early team-policing programs

All of the above

A

Early team-policing programs

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9
Q

Agencies with team policing were not aware that the elements of team policing would prove to be incompatible with what other elements?

COPS and POP

Preventive patrol and rapid response to calls for service

Quality and quantity of calls being handled

Federally funded team-policing programs

A

Preventive patrol and rapid response to calls for service

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10
Q

Who instituted a program in the early 1970s and was considered to be the showcase of federally funded team-policing programs?

Holyoke Police Department

Pennsylvania State Police Department

UCLA and Duke Universities

Karl Wallenda

A

Holyoke Police Department

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11
Q

What did the team, in 1970, focus on?

Human relations and language

Traditional cultures of those residing in certain wards

Routine police function

All of the above

A

All of the above

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12
Q

Why is there a greater need today for COPS?

Immigration

Police and citizens do not share common beliefs

The well-being is not understood to be driven by mutual
respect

All of the above

A

All of the above

and….
“burgeoning immigration of different races and cultures, clustering together in crowded, often sub-standard housing areas, where the police and citizens do not share common beliefs, know or trust one another, or even speak a common language, and where it is not understood that the well-being of each one is driven by mutual respect and engagement from the other.”

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13
Q

What tactics does crime fighting rely on?

Performance measurements and technology

Patrol and rapid response to calls for service

Follow-up investigation of crimes

All of the above

A

All of the above

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14
Q

How was the police focus on serious crime sharpened?

Developing forensic technology

Screening calls for service

Targeting patrol

All of the above

A

All of the above

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15
Q

Why have the crime fighting tactics been bashed within and outside policing?

For not decreasing the crime statistics

For being proactive rather than reactive

For being reactive rather than proactive

For lack of participation

A

For being reactive rather than proactive

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16
Q

Which is a merit of reactive tactics?

They do not develop the sorts of relationships with citizens that could bias their responses to crime incidents

Covert surveillance

The use of criminal informants

All of the above

A

They do not develop the sorts of relationships with citizens that could bias their responses to crime incidents

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17
Q

What has been created as a proactive tactic to deal with crimes in drug dealing, organized crime, and large-scale crowd disobedience?

Police keep their distance from the community and thereby retain their impartiality

Specialized units that rely on informants

Responding quickly to calls for service

All of the above

A

Specialized units that rely on informants

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18
Q

What do specialized units rely on?

Informants

Covert surveillance

Undercover investigations

All of the above

A

All of the above

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19
Q

What was created in the area of juvenile offenses?

Athletic leagues and they formed partnerships with schools to deal with drug abuse, gang activity, and truancy

Specialized units focusing on juveniles

Law enforcement within the school districts

All of the above

A

Athletic leagues and they formed partnerships with schools to deal with drug abuse, gang activity, and truancy

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20
Q

How is improved crime control achieved?

By being more proactive

By having more community involvement

By building self defense capabilities within the community itself

By going where crimes have occurred and when citizens have summoned them

A

By building self defense capabilities within the community itself

and…
“-diagnosing and focusing on problems in the specific community that produces specific crimes
-implementing real-time, anticipatory COMPSTAT technology.”

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21
Q

What would enable the police to leverage the resources of citizen groups and other public agencies to control crime?

Utilizing existing tactics

If the police increase the quantity and quality of their contact with citizens

By showing a more rapid response to calls for service

The crime rate statistics show a drop in the crime rate

A

If the police increase the quantity and quality of their contact with citizens

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22
Q

If officers are taken from patrol and detective units to do problem-oriented or community-oriented policing, when will response times shorten?

When the problem-solving efforts decrease the demands for service by removing the problem that is producing the calls for service

Response times will not shorten, they will increase

When they are able to remove what is causing the problem in the community

When they have more resources to increase police response

A

When the problem-solving efforts decrease the demands for service by removing the problem that is producing the calls for service

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23
Q

Why are longer response times perceived as indicating a loss in crime-fighting bottom-line statistics?

The department values rapid response to crime calls

The community values rapid response to crime calls

The department and the community value rapid response to crime calls

The public and the police value rapid response to crime calls

A

The public and the police value rapid response to crime calls

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24
Q

What is COPS primarily a matter of?

Decentralization and initiative

Philosophy, leadership style, and decentralization

Philosophy, leadership style, and structure

Decentralization, leadership style, and structure

A

Philosophy, leadership style, and structure

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25
Q

What does COPS require?

Transition

Initiative

Decentralization

Structure

A

Decentralization

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26
Q

What does COPS depend on?

Initiative

Decentralization

Structure

Transition

A

Initiative

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27
Q

The emphasis of COPS is changed from the police’s enforcing laws and making arrests to what?

The protection of life and of property

Forming a proactive partnership with the community to solve problems

The transition from traditional policing to the community directing police where to focus

All of the above

A

Forming a proactive partnership with the community to solve problems

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28
Q

What are mission statements revised to reflect?

Initiative

Structure

Transition

Decentralization

A

Transition

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29
Q

What does COPS hinge on?

A need for money

A need for internal transformation and community support

A need for employees

A need for the community striving for law and order

A

A need for internal transformation and community support

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30
Q

What is the traditional view of a police department strategy?

The police department is the key defense against disorder and crime

A major source of strength for maintaining the quality of life is with community involvement

Police should partner with the community

Provide communities with sufficient information

A

The police department is the key defense against disorder and crime

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31
Q

What is the COPS strategy?

Citizens should leave control of crime and maintenance of order to police

Police are a communities front-line answer to crime and disorder

Police should move into a community aggressively

Police should partner with the community’s ability to create safe neighborhoods

A

Police should partner with the community’s ability to create safe neighborhoods

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32
Q

Who is the first line of defense in a neighborhood?

Police

Citizens

Community and police

Security systems

A

Citizens

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33
Q

What must law enforcement first provide communities with?

Feeling of security

Trust

Sufficient information

Cooperation

A

Sufficient information

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34
Q

How long does COPS require before significant results can be measured?

One to three years

Three to five years

Five to ten years

There is no time limit. It is determined by the amount of community involvement

A

Three to five years

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35
Q

Who does COPS benefit?

Community

Community and police

The department

Everyone

A

Community and police

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36
Q

How does COPS benefit the community?

Customized police service

Greater citizen support

Better internal relationships

Shared responsibility

A

Customized police service

and...
"-a commitment to crime prevention
-public scrutiny of police operations
-accountability to the public
-community organization"
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37
Q

What is almost certain to gain the citizens’ appreciation about the complexity of police operations?

Providing sufficient information

Officers being accountable to the public

When a community’s respect for police increases so does their support

Public scrutiny of police operations

A

Public scrutiny of police operations

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38
Q

With COPS, who are officers more accountable to?

Their supervisors

Each other

The public

Themselves

A

The public

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39
Q

Why will officers increase their responsiveness to neighborhood problems?

COPS strives to prevent crime and disorder

The respect and support for the police will increase

Officers are able to resolve issues within a reasonable amount of time

Police services will be localized

A

Police services will be localized

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40
Q

What has a significant bearing on the success of police efforts to evaluate neighborhood problems?

As partnerships are formed, the two groups will be better equipped to work together

The degree to which the community is involved

Whether or not the community trust the police department

If the citizens feel connected to the police

A

The degree to which the community is involved

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41
Q

How does COPS benefit police?

Greater citizen support

Customized police service

Community organization

A commitment to crime prevention

A

Greater citizen support

and...
"-shared responsibility
-greater job satisfaction
-better internal relationships
-support for organizational change"
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42
Q

What increases as people’s knowledge of police work increases?

Their respect and support for the police

The number of arrest in the neighborhood

Better internal relationships

Greater job satisfaction

A

Their respect and support for the police

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43
Q

Why do police have a greater job satisfaction with COPS?

There is more community involvement

Citizens develop a greater sense of shared responsibility

Officers are able to resolve issues within a reasonable amount of time

Police are more connected to the citizens

A

Officers are able to resolve issues within a reasonable amount of time

44
Q

How is the “silo” affect reduced?

Assesses current responses

COPS focuses on system-wide problem-solving and accountability

Officer are more accountable to the public

All of the above

A

COPS focuses on system-wide problem-solving and accountability

45
Q

Which is an advantage of Citizen Police Academies?

CPAs give people a conduit to interact positively with police

CPAs give citizens a working knowledge of a police department’s mission, operation, policies, personnel, and challenges

CPAs help to grow a relationship of trust and cooperation between the police and citizens

All of the above

A

All of the above

46
Q

What emphasizes the value of being able to methodically diagnose the continuing issues that reside behind the incidents that are reported to police employees and then to design and implement customized solutions to those issues?

COP

POP

Traditional policing

Early team-policing

A

POP

47
Q

How does Herman Goldstein define a police department as practicing POP?

Evaluates the effectiveness of solutions

Supports for organizational changes

Takes a reactive response to problems within the community

All of the above

A

Evaluates the effectiveness of solutions

and…
“-identifies substantive community problems
-inquires systematically into their nature
-analyzes community interest and special interest in each problem
-assesses current responses
-conducts an uninhibited search for tailor-made solutions
-takes initiative in implementing solutions”

48
Q

What is the department not engaging when the sole police response to a community problem is to stop the behavior of the current troublemakers?

COP

POP

Traditional policing

Early team-policing

A

POP

49
Q

How are police agencies driven?

Incident - driven

Problem - driven

A combination of incident-driven and problem-driven

By their vision and mission statement

A

A combination of incident-driven and problem-driven

50
Q

What are characteristics of being incident-driven?

Reactive

Rely on limited information gathered mostly from victims, witnesses, and suspects and on statistics to measure performance

Primary means of handling incidents is to invoke the criminal justice process

All of the above

A

All of the above

51
Q

What does being incident-driven mean?

Aimed at singular incidents or problems

Aimed at group incidents or problems

Attempting to control crimes by means other than arrests

All of the above

A

Aimed at singular incidents or problems

52
Q

What are the exceptions to incident-driven agencies?

Disturbances in progress

Traffic violations

Crime prevention and narcotics investigations

All of the above

A

Crime prevention and narcotics investigations

53
Q

What is often the key to resolution in incident-driven agencies?

Making numerous arrests

Visibility

Communication

Threat of enforcing the law

A

Threat of enforcing the law

54
Q

How does the practice of POP seek to improve on other professional crime-fighting strategies?

Searching for predatory offenders

By ensuring the strategies are compatible and not confrontational

By adding proactivity and imagination

All of the above

A

By adding proactivity and imagination

55
Q

What assumption does POP make about crimes?

The superficial symptoms of crime are avoided

They could be caused by ongoing and underlying problems in a community

The real causes of crime are fervently pursued

All of the above

A

They could be caused by ongoing and underlying problems in a community

56
Q

In POP, what is galvanized as a crime-fighting tool?

Applied imagination of police employees

Proactivity of police employees

Information received from the community

The trust placed into the police by the community

A

Applied imagination of police employees

57
Q

What are essential steps in POP?

Problem identification and problem definition

Applied imagination and proactivity of police employees

Providing the community with sufficient information

All of the above

A

Problem identification and problem definition

58
Q

With problem-driven perspectives, what can police use for mediating disputes?

Imagination

Communication

Negotiating and conflict-resolving skills

All of the above

A

Negotiating and conflict-resolving skills

59
Q

In problem-driven departments, what does problem solving depend on?

Negotiating and conflict-resolving skills

Initiative and skills

Communication skills

Knowledge about the community

A

Initiative and skills

60
Q

Why must an agency become agile and empower its employees?

POP depends on the imagination of the police employee

POP depends on the negotiating and conflict-resolving skills of the police employees

POP depends on the proactivity of the police employees

POP depends on the individual initiative of the police employees

A

POP depends on the individual initiative of the police employees

61
Q

What does POP place first?

Effectiveness

Efficiency

Initiative

Imagination

A

Effectiveness

62
Q

Why should agencies use POP?

Lack of success

Reaction

Culture

All of the above

A

All of the above

and...
"-efficiency has been inefficient
-scarce resources
-community partnership
-brainpower
-expanded mission"
63
Q

What has not proved itself effective in crime control?

Incident-driven

Problem-driven

Professional crime-fighting strategy

All of the above

A

Professional crime-fighting strategy

64
Q

In POP, who is expected to prevent or reduce community problems?

Citizens

Each police employee

The supervisor

All of the above

A

Each police employee

65
Q

What relationship is POP based on?

Police-public

Officer-supervisor

Police-suspect

The neighbors of the community

A

Police-public

66
Q
  1. Whose thinking does POP depend on?
    a. Officer
    b. Citizens
    c. The team
    d. Everyone
A

d.Everyone

67
Q
  1. On what premise does POP operate?
    a. Good ideas come from the top
    b. Good ideas come from the bottom
    c. Good ideas come from the community
    d. Good ideas come from anyone
A

d.Good ideas come from anyone

68
Q
  1. What is the POP culture keyed to?
    a. Efficiency
    b. Effectiveness
    c. Response time
    d. Calls for service
A

b.Effectiveness

69
Q
  1. In POP, who must understand and appreciate what the police are accountable for doing?
    a. Police employee and the department
    b. The policy makers
    c. The community
    d. All of the above
A

d.All of the above

70
Q
  1. Which are signposts that serve as a beacon for a successful POP program?
    a. It must be capable of being transferred to other law enforcement agencies
    b. It must encourage police employees to cooperate with members of other public and private agencies to design action plans
    c. It must involve all department members
    d. All of the above
A

d.All of the above

and….
“It must guarantee the use of a wide variety of data sources.
It must be an integral part of police operations, without creating special unit or requiring additional resources.”

71
Q
  1. What does SARA stand for?
    a. Scanning, analysis, response, and assessment
    b. Service, analyze, report, and assessment
    c. Scan, analyze, report, and assess
    d. Scanning, analysis, reaction, and assessment
A

a.Scanning, analysis, response, and assessment

72
Q
  1. Who designed and tested SARA?
    a. Massachusetts Police Department and Duke University
    b. Police Executive Research Forum and the Newport News Police Department
    c. Virginia Police Department
    d. Police Executive Research Forum and Massachusetts Police Department
A

b.Police Executive Research Forum and the Newport News Police Department

73
Q
  1. What are the three phases of POP?
    a. Focus on substantive problems, problem identification, and approaches
    b. Problem identification, problem analysis, and setting up a system
    c. Problem identification, problem analysis, and approaches
    d. Effectiveness first, problem identification, and problem analysis
A
c.  Phase A: Problem identification
                     Steps 1-3
     Phase B:  problem analysis
                     Steps 4-7
     Phase C:  approaches
                      Steps 8-11
74
Q
  1. What are the steps of problem identification(Phase A)?
    a. Grouping incidents as problems, focus on substantive problems, and effectiveness first
    b. Focus on substantive problems, setting up a system, and redefining problems
    c. Problem analysis, approaches, and legal intervention
    d. Grouping incidents as problems, effectiveness first, and redefining problems
A

a.

  1. Grouping incidents as problems
  2. Focus on substantive problems
  3. Effectiveness first

Phase A is steps 1-3

75
Q
  1. What is problem identification similar to?
    a. Problem analysis
    b. Effective analysis
    c. Internal management
    d. Strategic planning
A

d.Strategic planning

76
Q
  1. What is the first component of POP?
    a. Strategic planning
    b. Move beyond just incident handling
    c. Problem solving
    d. Probing for connections
A

b.Move beyond just incident handling

77
Q
  1. Which problems are substantive problems?
    a. Recurring problems
    b. Problems that justify establishing a police agency in the first place
    c. Poor training
    d. All of the above
A

d.All of the above

78
Q
  1. What habit is hard to break?
    a. Malingering officers
    b. Low pay
    c. Internal management
    d. All of the above
A

d.All of the above

79
Q
  1. What is effectiveness defining for a specific agency, in a particular community?
    a. What ought to be tackled and in what order of priority
    b. What a leader is responsible for
    c. Getting results - making something stop or go away
    d. Statistics that reveal a reduced increase in crime rates over the last year
A

a.What ought to be tackled and in what order of priority

80
Q
  1. What does an analysis of problems include?
    a. Scientific rules
    b. Types of information
    c. Source of information
    d. All of the above
A

d.All of the above

81
Q
  1. Who is likely to be the best resource for deciding what kinds of information are needed to solve the problem?
    a. Strengths-based leaders
    b. Those who identified the problem in the first place
    c. The community where the problem is occurring
    d. The officer
A

b.Those who identified the problem in the first place

82
Q
  1. What can the sources of information include?
    a. Victims and perpetrators
    b. Existing literature and police files
    c. Community and other agencies
    d. All of the above
A

d.All of the above

and…
“knowledge of line employees”

83
Q
  1. What should a POP report adhere to?
    a. The circumstances in the officer’s view
    b. An objective opinion
    c. The facts
    d. Reason and logic
A

c.The facts

84
Q
  1. What does systematic analysis include?
    a. Police files and existing literature
    b. Knowledge of line employees
    c. Telephone questionnaire
    d. Other agencies
A

c.Telephone questionnaire”and individual surveys of those who might know something about the problem”

and…
“literature searches of government and private-sector repositories.”

85
Q
  1. What makes or breaks a POP program?
    a. Deciding what is working now
    b. Problem definition
    c. Setting up a system
    d. Evaluation and feedback
A

b.Problem definition

86
Q
  1. What ultimately determines how we go after a problem?
    a. Interagency cooperation
    b. Increased or expanded regulations
    c. The problem analysis
    d. How we perceive and label a problem
A

d.How we perceive and label a problem

87
Q
  1. What is an effective way of constructing a response to a problem?
    a. To determine who is or ought to be interested in criminal activity
    b. For the police to develop a successful plan to deal with the problem
    c. Conflict management
    d. Redefining the problem
A

a.To determine who is or ought to be interested in criminal activity

88
Q
  1. Who frequently has the answers to the problem?
    a. Management
    b. Community
    c. Officers
    d. All of the above
A

c.Officers

89
Q
  1. What is one of POP’s major strengths?
    a. Process of making “public” public information
    b. “If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it”
    c. Finding out who is interested in the problem
    d. Community involvement
A

b.“If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it”

90
Q
  1. Which is a group of an optional approach?
    a. Defensible space
    b. Decision visibility
    c. Evaluation and feedback
    d. All of the above
A

a.Defensible space

and...
"-frequent offenders
-interagency cooperation
-conflict management
-process of making 'public' public information
-galvanizing of citizens
-existing controls
-increased or expanded regulations
-legal intervention"
91
Q

Who should be targeted when attacking the problem?

a. Community
b. Victim
c. Frequent offenders
d. The problem area

A

c.Frequent offenders

92
Q
  1. Which group of the optional approaches uses mediation and negotiation?
    a. Conflict management
    b. Interagency cooperation
    c. Existing controls
    d. Decision visibility
A

a.Conflict management

93
Q
  1. Which group is underused but a potentially highly potent problem-solving tool?
    a. Increased or expanded regulation
    b. Process of making “public” public information
    c. Legal intervention
    d. Interagency cooperation
A

b.Process of making “public” public information

94
Q
  1. What are some of the uses of making “public” public information?
    a. To educate people about their rights and responsibilities as citizens
    b. To indicate what the police can and cannot do
    c. To help people solve their own problems
    d. All of the above
A

d.All of the above

95
Q
  1. Where do authority figures deploy their influence?
    a. Defensible space
    b. Existing controls
    c. Legal intervention
    d. Conflict management
A

b.Existing controls

96
Q
  1. What is an example of authority figures deploying influence?
    a. Apartment manager - renter
    b. Teacher - principal
    c. Community - offender
    d. Supervisor - supervisor
A

a.Apartment manager - renter

97
Q
  1. Which option requires a lot of imagination and risk taking?
    a. Legal intervention
    b. Evaluation and feedback
    c. Increased or expanded regulations
    d. Conflict management
A

c.Increased or expanded regulations

98
Q
  1. Which option requires experimentation and a willingness to take a chance?
    a. Legal intervention
    b. Frequent offenders
    c. Evaluation and feedback
    d. Galvanizing of citizens
A

a.Legal intervention

99
Q
  1. What is “technology transfer”?
    a. Retrofitting a piece of equipment for another department
    b. Using a piece of equipment or program in one organization that functioned well in another
    c. Experimenting with different types of technology for the right fit
    d. Redesigning a program for another department
A

b.Using a piece of equipment or program in one organization that functioned well in another

100
Q
  1. What does POP rely on?
    a. Canned approaches
    b. Retrofitting equipment
    c. Tailor-made responses
    d. Innovations from other agencies
A

c.Tailor-made responses

101
Q
  1. How does POP take the offensive?
    a. The initial identification of problems must be constant and complete
    b. The police must be active in educating member of the public and placing choices before them
    c. The police should be advocates for the community
    d. All of the above
A

d.All of the above

102
Q
  1. What assists community members to understand that the police do not have as much authority as they think and that the police will try very hard, yet sometimes fail?
    a. Officer educating the public on why certain things are or are not done
    b. Process of making “public” public information
    c. Conflict management
    d. Setting up a system
A

a.Officer educating the public on why certain things are or are not done

103
Q
  1. What is a concluding POP step?
    a. Decision visibility
    b. Evaluation and feedback
    c. Communicating to the public
    d. Identifying what fixed the problem
A

b.Evaluation and feedback

104
Q
  1. What is POP likely to fail without?
    a. Legal intervention
    b. Problem identification
    c. Placing effectiveness first
    d. Evaluation and feedback
A

d.Evaluation and feedback

105
Q

What are the steps of Problem Analysis (Phase B)?

A

Step 4: Setting up a system
Step 5: Redefining problems
Step 6: Who’s interested (or should be)?
Step 7: What’s working now?

106
Q

What are the steps of Approaches (Phase C)?

A

Step 8: Customized or canned?
Step 9: Take the offensive
Step 10: Decision visibility
Step 11: Evaluation and feedback