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Flashcards in Chapter 16 Deck (22)
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1
Q

Function of motor cortex

A

Controls contraction of specific groups of muscles

Regulated complex discrete precise and skilled movements

Participates in cognitive planning or motor activity

Executes movements based upon constant feedback from cortical and subcortical areas

2
Q

Brain stem

A

Cranial nerves

Speech movements

Skilled movements

3
Q

Lesion above pyramidal decussation

A

Signs contralateral to the site of lesion

4
Q

Lesion below the pyramidal decussarion

A

Spinal UMN and LMN

Signs ipsilateral to site of lesion

5
Q

Monoplegia

A

One limb

6
Q

Hemiplegia

A

One half of body

7
Q

Triplegia

A

Three limbs

8
Q

Quadriplegia

A

All four limbs

9
Q

UMN syndrome

A

Cortical motor neurons and their efferenta

Delayed muscle spacicity
Increased tone and reflexes and paralysis

Cortical neurons and axons before the synapse on spinal or cranial nuclei

Also cdmlee pyramidal neurons because descending axons pass through pyramids of medulla

10
Q

LMN

A

brain stem and spinal cord

Flaccid paralysis, decreased tone and reflexes and muscle atrophy

11
Q

Muscle spasiticy

A

Increased muscle tone with resistance to psssive manipulation

12
Q

Descending pathways

A

Corticospinal

Corticonuclear (corticobulbar)

13
Q

Corticospinal Tract

A

Control of voluntary movements of
Skeletal muscles through activation of spinal motor neurons

30% of fibers

14
Q

Corticobulbar Tract

A

Control of head and facial muscles through activation of cranial nerve nuclei

Remaining 70% short fibers

15
Q

Lesion to middle cerebral artery

A

Lateral surface

Of Cortex affects upper limb and face

16
Q

Lesion to anterior cerebral artery

A

Sagittarius surface of cortex affects leg and toes

17
Q

Spastic hemiplegia

A

Lesions to corticospinal tract (UMN)

Contralateral hemiplegia

Hyoertonia, hyperflexia, altered reflexes

Abdominal and positive babinski

18
Q

Corticobulbar syndrome

A

Lesions to UMN unilateral

Paralysis of facial,
Lingual,
Palatial, and laryngeal muscles

Rarely observers in facial muscles

Spacicity, rigidity, hypertonicity

Cva,
Rumors, degenerative disorders

19
Q

Pseudobulbar palsy

A

Speech musculature paralysis from bilateral corticobulbar involvement

Lack of motor control of facial muscles for delicate and discrete movements

Exaggerated emotional responses- excessive
Laughter, sobbing

20
Q

Effects of corticobulbar system lesion

Unilateral

A

Variable degrees of contralateral paresis in oral structures jaw and tongue deviation away from lesion site

Greater motor difficulty with unilaterally innervsted structures alike the lower face and tongue than upper eyes and forehead

21
Q

Bilateral

Paeudobulbar palsy

A

Profound effect on facial expression speech swallowing and phonation

22
Q

Alternating hemiplegia

A

Ipsilateral and contralateral

Vagus- flaccid paralysis of pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles

Facial- facial asymmetry and effect on eating and phonation

Hypoglossal- flaccid paralysis of intrinsic and extrinsic lingual muscles, eating, and phonation and speaking disturbances

Contralateral hemiplegia- involvement of motor fibers
Before crossing

Interruption of LMN AND UMN= alternating patterns of symptoms