Chapter 18: Immunologic Emergencies Flashcards Preview

EMT Course > Chapter 18: Immunologic Emergencies > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 18: Immunologic Emergencies Deck (44)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Another common name for envenomation is:

A

sting

2
Q

Injection of medications such as penicillin may cause an immediate and severe reaction. “Immediate” is described as:

A

within 30 min

3
Q

Eating certain foods, such as shell fish or nuts, may result in a relatively slow reaction that still can be quite severe. That relatively slow reaction time is:

A

more than 30 min

4
Q

Which of the following is not a safe way to remove the stinger and attached muscle injected by a honeybee into the patient?

  • Use clean tweezers.
  • Use a clean credit card to scrape it.
  • Use the edge of a sharp, stiff object to scrape it.
  • Use the side of a tongue depressor to scrape it.
A

-Use clean tweezers.

5
Q

If untreated, a severe anaphylactic reaction can proceed rapidly to death. More than two-thirds of patients who die, do so within the first:

A

half hour

6
Q

Remember, the presence of hypoperfusion or respiratory distress indicates that the patient is having a severe enough allergic reaction that can lead to death. Hypoperfusion is:

A

shock

7
Q

Which of the following is not a common sign and symptom of allergic reactions in the respiratory system?

  • an increase in pulse
  • hoarseness
  • tightness in the chest or throat
  • wheezing and/or stridor
A

-an increase in pulse

8
Q

All of the following are common signs and symptoms of allergic reactions related to the circulatory system, except:

  • decrease in blood pressure.
  • increase in pulse rate.
  • sneezing, itchy runny nose.
  • loss of consciousness and coma.
A

-sneezing, itchy runny nose.

9
Q

Any substance that can trigger the body’s immune system and cause an allergic reaction is known as a(n):

A

allergen

10
Q

_______ is a harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sound.

A

stridor

11
Q

When administering an EpiPen auto injector, it is important to hold the injector in place for ________ seconds to ensure that all of the medication is injected.

A

10 sec

12
Q

Epinephrine can have an effect within:

A

1 minute

13
Q

an allergic reaction is an

A

exaggerated immune response to any substance

14
Q

an allergic reaction is not cause by

A

an outside stimulus

15
Q

an allergic reaction is caused by

A

the body’s immune system which releases chemicals to combat the stimulus

16
Q

chemicals that the body releases during the immune response

A

histamines and leukotrienes

17
Q

an allergic reaction may be ____ with hives itching and tenderness or ______ with shock and respiratory failure

A

an allergic reaction may be LOCAL/MILD with hives itching and tenderness or SYSTEMIC/SEVERE with shock and respiratory failure

18
Q

_____ is an extreme, life threatening allergic reaction

A

anaphylaxis

19
Q

2 most common signs of anapyhlaxis

A

wheezing and urticaria

20
Q

wheezing is a result of _____/_____

A

bronchospasm/bronchoconstriction

21
Q

medical term for hives

A

urticaria

22
Q

a third sign of anaphylaxis is _____ which is a result of hypovolemic shock sue to INC capillary permeability

A

HYPOTENSION

23
Q

list the five most common allergen categories

A
  1. insect bites/stings
  2. medications
  3. food
  4. plants
  5. chemicals
24
Q

insects that sting repeatedly include: ____, ____, _____

A

wasps, hornets, fire ants

25
Q

death from stinging insects is ___ than deaths from snake bites

A

HIGHER

26
Q

stings can result in____ which are raised, swollen, well-defined areas on the skin

A

wheals

27
Q

the stinger should be removed by

A

scraping the skin with the edge of a sharp/stiff object

28
Q

about ___% of people have anaphylactic reactions to stings

A

5%

29
Q
signs of \_\_\_\_\_\_ to stings include:
widespread urticaria
wheals
bronchospasm and wheezing
hypotension
A

anaphylactic reactions

30
Q

allergic reactions may present as ____ or _____ in the form of shock

A

respiratory distress or cardiovascular distress

31
Q

anaphylaxis can cause rapid swelling of the

A

upper airway

32
Q

position the conscious patient in ______ and listen to lungs on each side of the chest

A

tripod position

33
Q

some patients in ____ may have hypotension

A

anaphylaxis

34
Q

_____ is needed for any patient who may be having an allergic reaction

A

prompt transport

35
Q

the secondary assessment should include a _____ or ______ to determine hidden trauma or other unrelated medical problems

A

systematic head to toe or focused assessment to determine hidden trauma or other unrelated medical problems

36
Q

in assessing the patients breathing we look for what 4 things

A

grunting
head bobbing
tripod position
nostril flaring

37
Q

vital signs will include:
____ resp. rate
____ pulse rate

A

INC resp and pulse rate

38
Q

INC pulse and hypotension =

A

ominous signs indicating systemic vascular collapse and shock

39
Q

interventions include ____ and ____ for severe reactions and ____ for milder cases

A

epi and ventilatory support for severe cases

O2 for milder cases

40
Q

epinephrine is a ____

A

sympathomimetic

41
Q

sympathomimetic means it

A

mimics the sympathetic response

42
Q
with epinephrine:
\_\_\_\_ BP
BV \_\_\_\_\_\_
broncho\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_ cardiac contractility
A

INC BP
BV constrict
bronchodilation
INC cardiac contractility

43
Q

adult epi dose

A

.3 mg

44
Q

pediatric epi dose

A

.15 mg