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Biotechnology And Hominins > Chapter 19 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 19 Deck (22)
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1
Q

Brain size of A.afarensis

A

440mL

2
Q

Brain size of p.robustus

A

530mL

Only one with a sagittal crest - large jaw

3
Q

Brain size of H.neanderthalensis

A

1485mL

4
Q

Brain size of H.sapiens

A

1350mL

5
Q

Trend of bipedalism overtime?

A

Carrying angle increases from A.afarensis -> H.sapiens
Hips became broader overtime
Hind limb proportion increased overtime (legs longer than arms)

6
Q

Trends of reduction of teeth and jaw overtime?

A

Larger canines/diastema (only A.afarensis) - less evolved
Prognathism of jaw decreases overtime - face becomes more flatter
Heavier mandible -> thinner
No chin -> definite chin

7
Q

Trends of reduction of brow ridge overtime?

A

Low forehead in Australopithecines -> increasingly higher in Homos
Brow ridge gets smaller Australopithecines -> H.sapiens

8
Q

How does the brain increase overtime?

A

Increased complexity due to convolutions and size, since overtime they become more meat eaters also allowing them to gain more protein etc

9
Q

A.afarensis age

A

3.9-1.2 million years ago, Southern Africa

10
Q

H. habilis age

A

1.5-2 million years ago, East Africa

11
Q

H.erectus age

A

1.8-300,000 million years ago, Asia, Africa and Europe

12
Q

Gracile Australopithecus?

A

Both the Afarensis and Africanus

13
Q

Robust Australopithecus?

A

Paranthropus robustus.

14
Q

Gracile Africanus/Afarensis features

A
Slender 
120-140cm tall
Proportioned teeth 
Smaller jaw muscles
25-35kg
15
Q

Robust Paranthropus Robustus features

A
Heavier broader build 
30cm taller than gracile, 40kg more
Large jaws 
Bony crests 
Large broad molars w/small canines
16
Q

Homo habilis features

A

‘Handy man’ - tool making ability
Robust hands - powerful grip
Larger brain - complexity of brain, due to eating meat
Smaller teeth, prognathic jaw

17
Q

Homo erectus features

A
Weak forehead
Straight brow ridge
Prognathic upper jaw 
Modern hominin teeth 
Larger lower jaw
18
Q

Homo Neanderthals features

A
Big faces, low but large skulls
Heavy brow ridge
Bun shaped back of skull 
Lack of defined chin 
Pronounced nose
19
Q

Homo sapien features

A
Flat face 
No prognathism 
Delicate, lower jaw and teeth 
Chin present
No brow ridge 
Strong forehead 
Increased cranial capacity -> complexity of brain, convolutions
20
Q

H.neanderthals age

A

150,000-30,000 years ago, Southern Europe and Western Asia

21
Q

Cro-Magnon people

A

-

22
Q

Hominids and hominins

A

Hominids - great apes and humans

Hominins - humans and their bipedal ancestors