Chapter 19: Toxicology Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 19: Toxicology Deck (49)
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1
Q

What is the first question you should ask a person suspected of ingesting a poison such a lye?

A

what substances did you take

2
Q

Opioids are medications with actions similar to:

A

morphine

3
Q

Essentially, poisons get into the patient’s body by inhalation, injection, ingestion, and:

A

absorption

4
Q

oisons that come in contact with the surface of the body can affect the patient in many ways. Therefore, it is important to distinguish between contact absorption and:

A

contact burns

5
Q

If local protocol allows you to administer activated charcoal, you should administer the premixed suspension in a

A

covered cup with a straw

6
Q

Which of the four avenues of poisoning can be the most worrisome?

A

injection

7
Q

Treatment of poison focuses on support. The EMT must assess and maintain the ABCs, being sure to monitor the patients

A

breathing

8
Q

The “street” name for crack cocaine, amphetamine, and methamphetamine is:

A

speed

9
Q

________ is one of the most addicting substances known.

A

cocaine

10
Q

Signs and symptoms of sympathomimetics include all of the following except:

  • hypertension.
  • tachycardia.
  • pinpoint pupils.
  • hyperthermia.
A

-pinpoint pupils.

11
Q

Approximately what percentage of poisonings is by mouth?

A

80%

12
Q

What is the most commonly abused drug in the United States?

A

alcohol

13
Q

___ poisoning affects 5 million children and adults per year

A

acute

14
Q

___ poisoning is much more common

A

chronic

15
Q

rates of death caused by poisoning have ____ in children

A

DEC

16
Q

rates of death caused by poisoning have ____ in adults

A

INC

17
Q

____ is the study of toxic or poisonous substances

A

toxicology

18
Q

a _____ is any substance whose chemical action can damage body structures or impair body function

A

poison

19
Q

common complication of substance abuse is

A

overdose

20
Q

overdose is when a patient

A

takes a toxic dose of a drug

21
Q

your primary responsibility with a poisoned patient is to

A

recognize that poisoning has occurred

22
Q

once you recognize that poisoning has occurred you should

A

notify medical control and begin emergency treatment

23
Q

when trying to determine the nature of the poison look around the immediate area for

A

overturned bottles, needles, scattered pills, overturned plant

24
Q

____ can provide critical info like:
name and concentration of drug
ingredients
number of pills in bottle originally

A

containers

25
Q

if the patient vomits examine the contents for ____ and collect the vomitus in a plastic bag so it can be analyzed by the hospital

A

pill fragments

26
Q

most important treatment for poisoning is ____ or _____ the poisonous agent

A

diluting or physically removing the poisonous agent

27
Q

with inhalation poisoning move the patient into

A

fresh air

28
Q

some patients may need _____ after removal from the toxic environment

A

decontamination

29
Q

use a ______ to protect yourself

A

self contained breathing apparatus

30
Q
in \_\_\_\_\_ poisons affect the patient by
skin damage
chemical burns
rashes/lesions
systemic effects
A

absorption

31
Q

for chemical agents in eyes irrigate for ____ min for acids and ____ min for alkalis

A

5-10 min for acids

15-20 min for alkalis

32
Q

irrigate the contact area with _____

A

water

33
Q

only time you should not irrigate the contact area with water is id

A

they have been contaminated with a poison that reacts violently with water

34
Q

ingested poisoning is often ____ in children and ____ in adults

A

accidental in children and deliberate in adults

35
Q

goal with ingested poisons is to

A

rapidly remove as much poison as possible from the GI tract

36
Q

two interventions for ingested poison (need med control approval)

A

syrup of ipecac and activated charcoal

37
Q

contraindications for activated charcoal

A

acid/alkali/petroleum ingestion
dec LOC
inability to swallow

38
Q

usual dose of activated charcoal is

A

1 g/kg body weight

39
Q

____ are impossible to remove or dilute and are usually absorbed quickly into the body and cause intense local tissue destruction

A

injected poisons

40
Q

consider _____ before transport

A

decontamination

41
Q

in the secondary assessment focus on the

A

area of the body involved with the poisoning or route of exposure

42
Q

dilute airborne exposures with

A

O2

43
Q

remove contact exposures with

A

copious amounts of water

44
Q

_____ is the need for the amount of a substance over time to reach the same desired effect

A

tolerance

45
Q

effect of alcohol

A

depresses the CNS

46
Q

worry about ______ in patients who took opioids

A

respiratory depression

47
Q

MDMA, amphetamines, cocaine, heroin, PCP are all

A

sympathomimetics

48
Q

DUMBELS

A
Defecation
Urination
Meiosis
Bronchorrhea
Emesis
Lacrimation
Salivation
49
Q

acteaminophen overdose damages the

A

liver