Chapter 22: Ethics and Values (IRAT/GRAT #4) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 22: Ethics and Values (IRAT/GRAT #4) Deck (32)
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1
Q

Autonomy

A

(Self) Freedom from external control.

The commitment to include patients in decision about all aspects of care.

2
Q

Beneficence

A

(Benefit) Positive actions to help others.

The best interest of the patient remain more important than self interest.

3
Q

Nonmaleficence

A

Do no harm.

the will to do good with the equal commitment to do no harm.

4
Q

Justice

A

(Fairness) Most often used in discussions about access to health care resources including distribution of resources.

5
Q

Fidelity

A

The duty to keep promises.
Follow through on actions.
Do what you say you are going to do.

6
Q

Code of Ethics

A

a set of guiding principles that all members of a profession accept.
basic principles of responsibility, accountability, advocacy and confidentiality remain constant.

7
Q

ANA Code of Ethics for Nursing: Provision I

A

A nurse, in all professional relationships, practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and uniqueness of every individual, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of health problems

8
Q

Advocacy

A

Supporting the rights, health and safety of the patient including their right to privacy.

9
Q

Responsiblity

A

Willingness to respect obligations and to follow through on promises.
Nurses are responsible for their actions and the actions of those to whom tasks are delegated.

10
Q

Accountability

A

The ability to answer for one’s own actions.

Ensure your actions are explainable to both your patient and your employer.

11
Q

Confidentiality

A

the protection of the privacy of the patient.

upholding the HIPAA law.

12
Q

Becoming friends with a patient comes with risks of

A

clouding nurses ability to remain objective in your clinical perceptions

13
Q

Value

A

A personal belief about the worth of a given idea, attitude, custom, or object that sets standards that influence behavior.
Your effort to resolve differing opinions and maintain your cultural competence becomes the hallmark of your commitment to ethical practice.

14
Q

Values Clarification

A

To resolve ethical dilemmas one needs to distinguish among value, fact and opinion.
Identifying values as something separate from facts can help you find tolerance for others.

15
Q

Deontology

A
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). “Duty” or “Obligation”. Rules “bind” you to your duty. Defines actions as “right or wrong”. 
Does not look at consequences of actions. Principle regardless of outcome.
16
Q

Utilitarianism

A

(Consequentialism)The value of something is determined by its usefulness.
Main emphasis is on the outcome of an action.

17
Q

Guiding principle for utilitarianism

A

“the greatest good for the greatest amount of people”

18
Q

Feminist Ethics

A

Guides participants in making difficult decisions, especially relationships in which power is unequal or where a point of view has become ignored or invisible.

19
Q

Ethics of Care

A

Closely related to feminist ethics.

Emphasizes the role of feelings and relationships.

20
Q

Casuistry

A

focuses on finding consensus more than an appeal to philosophical principle.
Collective wisdom guides a group to the best possible decision.
Atypical from conventional principles of ethics.

21
Q

Casuistry promotes

A

respect and agreement rather than particular philosophy or moral system itself

22
Q

Resolution of conflicting opinions works best when:

A

Presumption of good will on the part of all participants
Strict adherence to confidentiality
Patient-centered decision making
Welcome participation of families and primary caregivers.

23
Q

One of the following may indicate an ethical problem exists:

A
  1. You are unable to resolve it solely through a review of scientific data.
  2. It is perplexing. You cannot easily think logically or make a decision about the problem.
  3. The answer to the problem will have a profound relevance for areas of human concern.
24
Q

Key steps in the resolution of an ethical dilemma

A
  1. Is the situation an ethical dilemma?
  2. Gather information.
  3. Examine and determine your values about the issue.
  4. Verbalize the problem. Agree to a statement about the problem.
  5. Consider possible courses of action.
  6. Negotiate the outcome. Consider all points of view. Attempt to arrive at consensus.
  7. Evaluate the action.
25
Q

Quality of Life

A

the values and benefits of certain medical interventions

patients must weigh medical benefits against quality of life

26
Q

A personal decision is affected by

A
age
LOC
cognition
ability to live independently
the level of pain or disability
ability to contribute to society in a meaningful way
27
Q

Genetic Screening

A

Alerts clients to a condition that is not yet evident but that is certain/likely to develop in the future.

28
Q

Disabilities

A

The population of disabled people in the US has reshaped the discussion about quality of life.
National movement to respect the abilities regardless of functional status.

29
Q

Children with disabilities many times

A

“mainstreamed” in public schools.

30
Q

Care at the end of life

A

predictions about health outcomes not always accurate. When is an intervention futile?

31
Q

Moral distress

A

difficult, emotional and spiritual challenges at the end of life

32
Q

Nurses must deal with ethical issues related to access to care:

A

Can your pt afford to fill a Rx?
Do you advocate for a delay in discharge?
Do you have time to find financial resources to subsidize Rx costs?