Chapter 26: MNT For Thyroid Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms of thyroid cancer?

A

Cough, difficulty swallowing or breathing, enlargement of or lump on the thyroid gland, neck pain, and hoarsness or chanfe in voice.

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2
Q

How is Thyroid cancer diagnosed?

A

Blood tests: TSH or calcitoni, thyroid ultrasound, radioactive scans, and biopsy

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3
Q

Which type of thyroid cancer is always type IV?

A

Anaplastic carcinoma

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4
Q

Risk factors for thyroid cancer?

A

Radiation exposure, especially in infancy/early childhood, genetic factors, over 45 y/o, and female, family history and goiters.

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5
Q

What is the dietary factor leading to thyroid cancer!

A

Iodine intake.
An iodine deficiency leads to increased risk of follicular carcinoma.
High iodine intake (through supplementation) leads to increased risk of papillary carcinoma.

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6
Q

What are the 4 types of thyroid cancer?

A

Papillary (differentiated)
Follicular (differentiated)
Medullary (cancer of C cells)
Anaplastic (undifferentiated)

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7
Q

Which type of thyroid cancer is slow growing and curable when diagnosed early?

A

Papillary

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8
Q

Which kind of thyroid cancer raises calcitonin levels?

A

Medullary

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9
Q

Which type of thyroid cancer is aggressive and usually fatal with survival of 3-6 months?

A

Anaplastic

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10
Q

Which type of yhyroid cancer is easily cured but most likely to recur?

A

Follicular

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11
Q

What is the most common NIS of thyroid cancer?

A

Dysphagia d/t the enlarged thyroid compressing the structures involved in swallowing.

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12
Q

What is the most common treatment of thyroid cancer?

A

Surgery. Total or near total thyroidectomy.

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13
Q

What is RAI?

A

Radioactive iodine therapy. RAI is concentrated by thyroid cells leading to their distruction.

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14
Q

What are NIS of RAI?

A

Nausea, dry mouth, change in taste, late onset damage of salvary glands and dental caries.

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15
Q

RAI has no roll in the treatment of _____ and _____?

A

Medullary and anaplastic thyroid cancers.

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16
Q

T/F: Presenting symptoms of thyroid cancer do not commonly include weight loss.

A

True

17
Q

DRIs for energy, macro- and micronutrient content?

A

They are consistent with age and gender specific DRIs.

18
Q

What is a LID?

A

Low iodine diet.

19
Q

How does a LID work?

A

It is done with a RAI to deplete whole body iodine stores and optimize RAI uptake in thyroid cells.

20
Q

What is the iodine goal in a LID?

A

< 50 micrograms iodine/day

21
Q

How long should LID be followed?

A

1-2 weeks for pts undergoing RAI

22
Q

Teo challenges of LID?

A

Determining the accurate iodine content of foods and palatability of food

23
Q

Foods to avoid on a LID?

A
Iodized salt
Seafood and seasalt products
Dairy products 
Egg yolks
Red-dye #3/erythrosine
Iodate dough conditioners
24
Q

What else should be avoided on LID?

A

Multivitamin containing iodine
Selenium and fish oil made from sea-based products
Iodine tablets for water purification system
Creams/lotions made from seaweed
Topical iodine antiseptics

25
Q

T/F: iodine is generally not found in enteral formulas and TPN formulas.

A

True