Chapter 3: Nervous System Development

Question 1

Ventricle

Answer 1

One of the hollow spaces within the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid

Question 2

4 ventricles

Answer 2

• lateral ventricle (2 halves)
• third ventricle
• cerebral aqueduct (connects 3rd and 4th ventricles
• fourth ventricle

Question 3

Choroid plexus

Answer 3

Highly vascular tissue that protrudes into the ventricles and produces cerebrospinal fluid

Question 4

Hydrocephalus

Answer 4

Buildup of fluid inside the skull (water on the brain) as pressure increase the skull is pushed apart and the head becomes very large

Treatment is to insert a tube into the lateral ventricles so that CSF drains into rest of body

Question 5

Cerebrospinal fluid

CSF

Answer 5

Clear fluid similar to blood plasma that fills the ventricular system of the brain and the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain and spinal cord

• help relieve pressure and weight on the base of the brain
• protects brain from shock
• circulates nutrients and chemicals filtered from the blood
• removed waste products

Question 6

Hydrocephalus

Answer 6

Buildup of fluid inside the skull (water on the brain) as pressure of the CSF increases the skull is pushed apart and the head becomes large
Treatment involves a tube unstated from the lateral ventricle and draining into the stomach

Question 7

Neural tube

Answer 7

Hollow tube closed at the rostral end that forms ectodermal tissue early in embryonic development

• serves as the origin of the central nervous system
• develops during the first 28 days after conception

Question 8

Spina bifida

Answer 8

(Split spine)
Incomplete closing of neural tube
Portion of spinal chord may protrude from opening
-paralysis of the legs
-partial/total lower body weakness
*increasing folic acid consumption can prevent its

Question 9

Forebrain

Answer 9

Most rostral part of developing brain
Subdivided into
Telencephalon
Diencephalon

Question 10

Midbrain

Answer 10

Mesencephalon

Center part that the neural tube development

Question 11

Hindbrain

Answer 11

Most caudal part of developing brain
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon

Question 12

Progenitor cells

Answer 12

Cells of the ventricular zone that divide and gives rise to cells of the central nervous system
(Stem cells of brain)

Question 13

Ventricular zone

Answer 13

Layer of cells that line the inside of the neural tube that contains progenitor cells

Question 14

Symmetrical division

Step 1 of CNS cell division

Answer 14

Division progenitor cell that gives rise to two identical progenitor cells
Increases the size of the ventricular zone and brain that develops from it

Question 15

Asymmetrical Division

Step 2 or CNS cell division

Answer 15

Division progenitor cell that gives rise to another progenitor cell and a neuron which migrates away from the ventricular zone toward its final resting place in the brain

Question 16

Radial glia

Answer 16

Special glia with fibers that grow radially outward from the ventricular zone to the surface of the cortex
-provides guidance for neurons migrating outward during brain development

Question 17

Apoptosis

Answer 17

Death of a cell caused by a chemical signal that activates a genetic mechanism inside the cell

Question 18

Neurogenisis

Answer 18

We make new brain cells as adults less than as children and it usually is only in response to learning specific tasks

Question 19

Neural tube development

Answer 19

Neural tube fuses by 28 days post conception
Rostral end of tube develops into three interconnected chambers that become ventricles
Tissue surround these chambers will be three major parts of the brain
-forebrain
-midbrain
-hindbrain