Chapter 32: Pediatric Emergencies Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 32: Pediatric Emergencies Deck (31)
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1
Q

Which of the following statements is true concerning differences in anatomy between adults and children that influence treatment decisions?

  • The proportionately larger diameter airway of the child is less easily obstructed by secretions.
  • The proportionately larger tongue of the child is less likely to cause obstruction.
  • The epiglottis is larger in the child than in the adult and is more likely to prevent aspiration.
  • The child’s occiput is larger and rounder than an adult’s, requiring careful positioning.
A
  • The child’s occiput is larger and rounder than an adult’s, requiring careful positioning.
2
Q

Fever in children is a common reason for parents to call for an ambulance. A fever can result from:

A

infection

3
Q

Head injuries are common in children because:

A

the size of the head is larger in relation to the body

4
Q

Children may have experienced a serious injury, even though there may be little or no outward signs, because:

A

their bodies can compensate better for significant blood loss

5
Q

At the scene of an unexplained infant death, or SIDS call, the EMT should:

A

carefully inspect the scene for signs of illness, the general condition of the house, and family interaction.

6
Q

The EMT is likely to encounter children with tracheostomy tubes, artificial ventilators, central IV lines, gastrostomy tubes, or shunts in the home environment because:

A

technology continues to improve and health care continues to focus on decreasing hospitalizations.

7
Q

Problems leading to cardiopulmonary arrest in children include:

A

foreign body obstruction, respiratory infection, and electrocution.

8
Q

Signs of respiratory distress in children include:

A

nasal flaring, grunting, wheezing or stridor, retractions, and tripod positioning.

9
Q

Respiratory failure is distinguished from respiratory distress by:

A

a decreased level of consciousness and developing cyanosis.

10
Q

he pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is a structured assessment tool to rapidly determine the child’s condition using:

A

appearance, work of breathing, and circulation to the skin.

11
Q

Dehydration can present a serious problem to the infant or small child and should be suspected if:

A

the skin is loose and has no elasticity.

12
Q

Infancy is the _____.

A

first year of life

13
Q

The toddler is __-__ years of age

A

1 to 3 years of age

14
Q

Preschool-age children are ____.

A

3 to 6 years of age

15
Q

School-age children are ____.

A

6 to 12 years of age

16
Q

Adolescents are ______

A

12 to 18 years of age.

17
Q

The ____ is large relative to other structures, so it poses a higher risk of airway obstruction than in an adult.

A

tongue

18
Q

The airway in a child has a _____ than the airway in an adult and is therefore more easily obstructed.

A

smaller diameter

19
Q

A rapid heartbeat and blood vessel constriction help pediatric patients to compensate for _____

A

dec perfusion

20
Q

Children’s bones are more flexible and bend more with injury, and the ends of the long bones, where growth occurs, are ____ and may be ____ more easily.

A

weaker and may be injured

21
Q

You will need to carry special sizes of airway equipment for pediatric patients. Use a _____ measure to determine the approximately sized equipment for children.

A

pediatric resuscitation tap

22
Q

Signs of shock in children are ____, poor capillary refill time, and mental status changes. You must be very alert for signs of shock in a pediatric patient because they can decompensate rapidly.

A

tachycardia

23
Q

______ may be a sign of a more serious problem such as meningitis.

A

Febrile seizures

24
Q

The most common cause of dehydration in children is ____ and ____. Life-threatening diarrhea can develop in an infant in hours.

A

vomiting and diarrhea

25
Q

Fever is a common reason why parents or caregivers call 9-1-1. Body temperatures of ____ or higher are considered to be abnormal.

A

100.4°F (38°C)

26
Q

____ is the number one killer of children in the United States.

A

Trauma

27
Q

A victim of _____ will be pale or blue, not breathing, and unresponsive. He or she may show signs of postmortem changes, including rigor mortis and dependent lividity; if so, call medical control to report the situation.

A

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

28
Q

Which age group commonly has stranger anxiety?

A

Toddlers

29
Q

Where should you obtain a pulse rate in an infant?

A

Brachial or femoral pulse

30
Q

What device should you use in patients with a respiratory rate of less than 12 breaths/min or more than 60 breaths/min?

A

Bag-valve-mask device

31
Q

What are the risk factors for SIDS?

A

Mother younger than 20 years, smoking during pregnancy, low birth weight