Chapter 4 - Carbon Cycle Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 4 - Carbon Cycle Deck (25)
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1
Q

What is the current carbon dioxide concentration of the atmosphere at the moment?

A

0.039%

2
Q

And aquatic habitats How is carbon dioxide present?

A

As a dissolved gas and hydrogen carbonate ions

3
Q

What is absorbed by aquatic plants and other autotrophs that live in water?

A

Dissolved co2 and hydrogen carbonate ions

4
Q

How does carbon dioxide diffuse from the atmosphere?

A

Because autotrophs use carbon dioxide in the production of carbon compounds by photosynthesis

5
Q

What is produced by respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide and diffuses out of organisms into water or the atmosphere

6
Q

What is co2 a waste product of?

A

Aerobic cell respiration

7
Q

Co2 is a waste product of aerobic cell respiration- it is produced in all cels that carry out this respiration - what are the 3 groups that do it?

A

1) non-photosynthetic cells in producers for example root cells in plants
2) animal cells
3) saprotrophs such as fungi that decompose dead organic matter

8
Q

What is methane produced from?

A

Methane is produced from organic matter in anaerobic conditions By methanogenic archaens and some diffuse into the atmosphere

9
Q

What are the 3 groups of anaerobic prokararyotes that have methane as a waste product?

A

1) bacteria that convert organic matter
2) bacteria that use the organic acids and alcohol
3) archaens that produce methane from 2 different chemical reactions

10
Q

Where do archaea a that are methanogenic carry out methanogenesis ? (4)

A

1) mud along shores
2) swamps, wetlands etc
3) guts of termites
4) landfill sites where organic matter is in wastes that have been buried

11
Q

What is methane oxidised to?

A

Carbon dioxide and water in the atmosphere

12
Q

Why are atmopheric conditions not high in methane?

A

Molecules of methane released into the atmosphere only last there on average for 12 years

13
Q

Why does peat form?

A

When organic matter is not fully decomposed because of anaerobic conditions in waterlogged soils

14
Q

Why is organic matter sometimes not fully deoxmposed

A

In some environments water is unable to drain out of soils so they become water logged and anaerobic (saprotrophs thrive in aerobic conditions) - so cannot thrive and acidic conditions tend to develop

15
Q

Carbon and some compounds of carbon are chemically very stable and can remain unchanged in rocks for hundreds of years - where are they kept?

A

There are large deposits - result of incomplete decomposition of organic matter and its burial in sediments that become rock

16
Q

How is coal formed?

A

When deposits of peat are buried under other sediments- pears are compressed and heated, gradually turning to coal

17
Q

How is oil and natural gas formed?

A

In the mud at the bottom of seas and lakes - conditions are usually anaerobic and so decomposition is often incomplete - as more mud and other sediments are deposited all becomes compressed and heated- chemical changes occur, which produces complex mixtures of liquid carbon compounds or gases

18
Q

What is a way of carbon dioxide being produced?

A

By the combustion of biomass and fossilised organic matter

19
Q

What is combustion

A

Organic matter is heated to its ignition temperature in the presence of oxygen = combustion

20
Q

What are the products of complete combustion?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

21
Q

What are the three forms of fossilised organic matter?

A

Coal, oil and natural gases - all burned as fuels

22
Q

What type of animals can become fossilised and why?

A

Reef-building corals and molluscs have hard parts that are composed of calcium carbonate and can become fossilised in limestone

23
Q

How much limestone is all sedimentary rocks and how much carbon is locked up in. It?

A

10%

12%

24
Q

What does the mAuna loa observatory do

A

Produces large amounts of data which can be used for analysis

25
Q

What can autotrophs concert carbon dioxide into?

A

Carbohydrates another carbon compounds

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