Chapter 4 ( The Spinal Cord )

Question 1

Clarkes nucleus site and function ?

Answer 1

In the grey matter of the spinal cord form T1 to L2

Sensory nucleus that conveys proprioception to the cerebellum

Question 2

Dorsal ramus of the spinal cord supplies ?

Answer 2

Skin of back and dorsal neck

Deep intrinsic back muscles

Question 3

Ventral ramus of the spinal cord supplies ?

Answer 3

Skin of anterolateral trunk and limbs

Skeletal muscles of anterolateral trunk and limbs

Question 4

Cervical enlargement of the spinal cord ?

Answer 4

C5 - T1 —> brachial plexus —> upper limb

Question 5

Lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord ?

Answer 5

L2 - S3 —> lumbar and sacral plexus —> lower limbs

Question 6

Filum terminale ?

Answer 6

Slender pial extension that tethers the spinal cord to the bottom of the vertebral column

Question 7

Site of the intermediate zone of the spinal cord ( lateral horn ) ?

Answer 7

T1-L2

S2-S4

Question 8

Medial division of the dorsal root carries what ? Through which fiber type ?

Answer 8

Proprioception ( la , lb fibers )

Touch ( ll , A-beta fibers )

Question 9

Lateral division of the dorsal root carries what ? Through which fibers ?

Answer 9

Sharp pain and Cold ( lll , A-delta fibers )

Dull pain and Warmth ( lV , C fibers )

Question 10

Sites of cell bodies of upper motoneurons ?

Answer 10

Cerebral cortex
Red nucleus
Reticular formation
Lateral vestibular nuclei of the brain stem

Question 11

Flexor biased UMN tracts ?

Answer 11

Rubrospinal tract

Corticospinal tract

Question 12

Extensor biased UMN tracts ?

Answer 12

Reticulospinal tract

Vestibulospinal tract

Question 13

Mechanism of clasp knife reflex in UMN lesions ?

Answer 13

Oversensitive Golgi tendon organs

Question 14

Tabes dorsalis is associated with ?

Answer 14

Late stage syphilis
Sensory ataxia , positive Romberg sign
Argyll Robertson pupils
Suppressed reflexes

Question 15

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ? Common in ?

Answer 15

Ventral horn lesion leads to progressive spinal muscular atrophy
Corticospinal tract lesion leads to primary lateral sclerosis

Common in cervical enlargement

Question 16

ASA occlusion is common in ?

Answer 16

Mid thoracic levels

Question 17

Subacute combined degeneration ? Common in ?

Answer 17

Demyelination of :
1- dorsal columns
2- spinocerebellar tracts
3- corticospinal tracts

Lower cervical and upper thoracic cord

Question 18

Syringomyelia?

Answer 18

Bilateral loss of pain and temperature at the level of the lesion
As the disease progress there is muscle weakness and eventually flaccid paralysis and atrophy of the upper limb muscles due to destruction of the ventral horn cells