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Flashcards in Chapter 5 Deck (24)
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1
Q

pressure

A

The force exerted per unit of surface area

2
Q

barometer

A

A device used to measure atmospheric pressure. Most commonly, a tube open at one end, which is filled with mercury and inverted into a dish of mercury

3
Q

pascal

A

The SI unit of pressure; 1Pa=1N/m^2

4
Q

standard atmosphere

A

The average atmosphere pressure measured at sea level and 0C, defined as 1.01325x10^5 Pa

5
Q

millimeter of mercury(torr)

A

A unit of pressure based on the difference in the heights of mercury in a barometer or manometer.

6
Q

torr

A

A unit of pressure identical to 1 mmHg

7
Q

ideal gas

A

A hypothetical gas that exhibits linear relationships among volume, pressure, temperature, and amount (mol) at all conditions; approximated by simple gases at ordinary conditions.

8
Q

boyle’s law

A

The gas law stating that, at constant temperature and amount of gas, the volume occupied by a gas is inversely proportional to the applied (external) pressure.

9
Q

charles’s law

A

The gas law stating that at constant pressure, the volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature

10
Q

Avogadro’s law

A

The gas law stating that, at fixed temperature and pressure, equal volumes of any ideal gas contain equal numbers of particles, and , therefore, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its amount

11
Q

standard temperature and pressure

A

The reference conditions for a gas

12
Q

standard molar volume

A

The volume of 1 mol of an ideal gas at standard temperature and pressure: 22.4141L

13
Q

ideal gas law

A

An equation that expresses the relationships among volume, pressure, temperature, and amount (mol) of an ideal gas: PV=nRT

14
Q

universal gas constant

A

A proportionality constant that relates the energy, amount of substance, and temperature of a system

15
Q

partial pressure

A

The portion of the total pressure contributed by a gas in a mixture of gases

16
Q

Dalton’s law of partial pressures

A

A gas law stating that, in a mixture of unreacting gases, the total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases

17
Q

mole fraction

A

A concentration term expressed as the ratio of moles of one component of a mixture to the total moles present

18
Q

kinetic-molecular theory

A

the model that explains gas behavior in terms of particles in random motion whose volumes and interactions are negligible

19
Q

rms speed

A

The speed of a molecule having the average kinetic energy; very close to the most probable speed

20
Q

effusion

A

The process by which a gas escapes from its container through a tiny hole into an evacuated space

21
Q

Graham’s law of effusion

A

A gas law stating that the rate of effusion of a gas inversely proportional to the square root of its density

22
Q

diffusion

A

the movement of one fluid through another

23
Q

van der Waals equation

A

an equation that accounts for the behavior of real gasses

24
Q

van der Waals constants

A

Experimentally determined positive numbers used in the van der Waals equation to account for the intermolecular attractions and molecular volume of real gasses