Chapter 7 Flashcards Preview

Biology and Biotechnology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 7 Deck (18)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

direct contact

A

channels linking cytoplasm and exchange molecules and ions directly

2
Q

local signaling

A

molecule diffuses into aqueous area around cells
local regulator-signal molecule
paracine regulation-acts on nearby cell
autocrine regulation-acts on cell that produces it

3
Q

long distance signaling

A

release long term signaling molecule called hormone

enters circulatory system and then travels to target cells

4
Q

reception

A

binding of signal molecule with specific receptor of target cells
nonpolar molecules receptors in cell
polar receptors are on plasma membrane

5
Q

transduction

A

signal changes into a signaling cascade of reactions that cause cellular response

6
Q

protein kinases

A

enzymes that transfer a phosphate group from atp to one or more sites on a protein

7
Q

protein phosphatases

A

remove phosphate groups from target proteins

8
Q

amplification

A

increase in the magnitude of each step as a signal transduction pathway proceeds

9
Q

receptor tyrosine kinase

A

have own protein kinase activity on cytoplasm end of protein

10
Q

g protein coupled receptors

A

respond to signal by activating an inner protein called a g protein

11
Q

first messenger

A

extracellular signal molecule

12
Q

effector

A

gtp bound subunit that breaks off and binds to a plasm membrane associated membrane associated enzyme

13
Q

second messenger

A

nonprotein molecules

14
Q

cyclic amp

A

small water soluble molecule derived from atp that activates protein kinases that add phosphate groups to target proteins

15
Q

inositol triphosphate

A

small water soluble molecule that rapidly diffuses through cytoplasm
activated transport proteins in the er which release ca2+

16
Q

diacylglycerol

A

hydrophobic so it remains and functions in the plasma membrane
with release of ca, activates protein that brings about cellular effects

17
Q

steroid hormone receptors

A

control proteins that turn on specific gens when they are activated by binding a signal molecule

18
Q

cross talk

A

interaction by which signal pathways communicate with one another to integrate their responses to cellular signals