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Phlebotomy > Chapter 8 - Venipuncture Equipment > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Venipuncture Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Acid Citrate Dextrose (ACD)

Citrate-Phosphate-Dextrose (CPO)

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2
Q

Coagulation Preventives

A

Oxalates
Citrates
EDTAs
Heparin

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3
Q

Oxalates, Citrates, and EDTAs prevent coagulation by…

A

removing calcium and forming insoluble calcium salts

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4
Q

Which coagulation preventatives should not be used for a calcium study?

A

Oxalates, Citrates, and EDTAs

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5
Q

Citrates are frequently used for what kind of studies?

A

Coagulation

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6
Q

What coagulation preventative is best for platelet counts and platelet functions tests? Why?

A

EDTAs because it prevents platelet aggregation

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7
Q

What coagulation preventative is best for blood films? Why?

A

EDTAs because it has minimal distortion

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8
Q

Heparin prevents clotting by…

A

inactivating the blood clotting chemicals (thrombin and factor X)

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9
Q

What study is ordered when septicemia is suspected?

A

Blood cultures

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10
Q

Blood Cultures must be completely…

A

STERILE

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11
Q

SPS

A

Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate

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12
Q

EDTA

A

Ethylendiamine Tetra-Acetic Acid

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13
Q

Heparin is a

A

Mucopolsaccharide that prevents clotting

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14
Q

Phagocytosis

A

defense mechanism to kill microorganisms in blood

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15
Q

Why is SPS used in blood cultures?

A

Inhibits phagocytosis thus enhancing chances of detecting bacteria

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16
Q

Yellow Tubes with SPS are for

A

Blood Cultures

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17
Q

Yellow Tubes with ACD are for

A

Preserving blood for donation, specialty blood banking (like HLA typing and DNA testing)

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18
Q

HLA

A

Human Leukocyte Antigen

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19
Q

HLAs are studied for

A

Paternity Evaluation and donor compatibility

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20
Q

Two Types of Yellow tubes with SPS

A

Unplugged Venting Unit for aerobic incubation

Plugged Venting Unit for anaerobic incubation

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21
Q

For aerobic incubation you should use a Yellow Tube with SPS with

A

Unplugged Venting Unit

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22
Q

For anaerobic incubation you should use a Yellow Tube with SPS with

A

Plugged Venting Unit

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23
Q

TDM

A

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

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24
Q

Gold Inversion #

A

8

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25
Q

Yellow with SPS Inversion #

A

8

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26
Q

Light Blue Inversion #

A

3-4

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27
Q

Let gold tubes sit _____ before centrifuge

A

30 minutes

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28
Q

During centrifugation of Gold tubes…

A

polymer barrier moves upward to the serum-clot interface

Separates serum from fibrin and cells

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29
Q

RST

A

Rapid Serum Tubes

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30
Q

Orange and Grey/Yellow Tubes are

A

Rapid Serum Tubes

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31
Q

Orange Tubes Additive

A

Thrombin

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32
Q

Thrombin additives will clot blood in

A

less than 5 minutes

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33
Q

Red additive

A

None

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34
Q

Red tubes are used for collection of

A

serum

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35
Q

Blood collected in Red Tubes ______ clot.

A

WILL

36
Q

How long does it take a fibrin clot to form in a red tube?

A

30 minutes

37
Q

If you centrifuge a red tube what will happen?

A

Serum will separate from the blood

38
Q

Clear/White Additive

A

None

39
Q

Clear/White Tubes are used for

A

Discard or Secondary Specimen collection

40
Q

Green/Mint Green/Gray and Green additives

A

Anticoagulants Sodium Heparin, Annomium Heparin, and Lithium Heparin

41
Q

Green/Mint Green tubes are used for any test requiring

A

plasma or whole blood

42
Q

Why is the green tube good for a STAT test?

A

The whole blood can be tested without clot formation or centrifuge

43
Q

Why is heparinized plasma or whole blood better for potassium testing rather than the serum in red tubes?

A

Serum in red tubes can contain sporadic increased potassium levels as a result of the potassium released by the platelets during blood clotting

44
Q

Lithium Heparin tubes are used for

A 
Glucose
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
Ionized Calcium
Creatinine
Electrolyte Studies
45
Q

Lithium Heparin is not used for any test measuring…

A

lithium or folate levels

46
Q

Sodium Heparin is not used for any test measuring

A

sodium concentration

47
Q

Lithium Heparin with gel is used for…

A

plasma determinations in chemistry

48
Q

Specific gravity

A

weight compared to water

49
Q

Why use a lithium heparin with gel instead of a lithium heparin tube?

A

Because once centrifuged the gel forms a stable barrier separating plasma from the cells, allowing for easy collection of plasma

50
Q

Lithium Heparin with gel inversion #

A

5-10 immediately

51
Q

PST

A

Plasma Separator Tube

52
Q

What test should Green tubes not be used for?

A

Blood smears that are to be stained with wright’s stain as the Heparin causes blueish tint.

53
Q

What tubes are best for assays that require heparinized plasma?

A

Mint green tubes because they have gel to separate the plasma from RBCs

54
Q

Color used for most hematology procedures?

A

Lavender

55
Q

Best tube for CBC?

A

Lavender

56
Q

DIFF

A

Differentials

57
Q

MCH

A

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin

58
Q

MCHC

A

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration

59
Q

MCV

A

Mean Cell Volume

60
Q

K₂EDTA

A

Spray-Dried Potassium attached to EDTA

61
Q

K₃EDTA

A

Liquid Potassium attached to EDTA

62
Q

Which version of EDTA is better for hematology tests?

A

K₂EDTA

63
Q

Which version of EDTA is better for viral markers?

A

K₃EDTA

64
Q

Pink additive

A

K₂EDTA

65
Q

Pink tubes are used for

A

blood bank collection

66
Q

Pink inversion #

A

8-10

67
Q

Tube that has label that meets AABB requirements

A

Pink

68
Q

Gray additive

A

1) Potassium Oxalate and Sodium Fluoride
2) Na₂EDTA and Sodium Fluoride
3) Sodium Fluoride

69
Q

Grey tubes are primarily used for

A

glycolytic inhibition testes

70
Q

Sodium Fluoride prevents

A

glycolysis

71
Q

glycolysis

A

breakdown or metabolism of glucose by blood cells

72
Q

Grey Tube additives are also known as

A

Antiglycolytic agent and glycolytic inhibitor

73
Q

Grey tubes should never be used for ____ and ____ determinations.

A

Sodium; Potassium

74
Q

Why should grey tubes not be used for hematology studies?

A

Oxalate distorts cellular morphologic features

75
Q

What can happen if a lavender tube is underfilled?

A

Falsely low blood counts
Falsely low hematocrits
Staining alterations on blood smears
Erroneous morphologic changes to RBCs

76
Q

Royal blue use

A

Trace element sudies

77
Q

Tan tube additive

A

K₂EDTA

78
Q

Black additive

A

Buffered Sodium Citrate

79
Q

Black use

A

Determining ESR

80
Q

ESR

A

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

81
Q

16 to 18 gauge needles are used for

A

Larger amounts of blood drawn

82
Q

21 to 23 gauge needles are used for

A

Children and smaller specimen samples

83
Q

Venipuncture Order of Draw (According to ETCH Card)

A 
Blood Cultures
Gold
Light Blue
Red
Green
Mint Green
Grey
84
Q

Which tube needs to go on ice?

A

Green with additive Ammonium Heparin

85
Q

PTT

A

Partial Thromboplastin Time

86
Q

Hct

A

Hematocrit

Phlebotomy (5 decks)

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