Chapter 8 Vocabulary

Question 1

Energy

Answer 1

The ability to do work

Question 2

Thermodynamics

Answer 2

The study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe

Question 3

Metabolism

Answer 3

All of the chemical reactions in a cell

Question 4

Photosynthesis

Answer 4

The anabolic pathway in which light energy from the Sun is converted into chemical energy for use by the cell

Question 5

Cellular Respiration

Answer 5

The catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for cell use

Question 6

Adenosine triphosphate

Answer 6

The most important biological molecule that provides chemical energy

Question 7

Thylakoids

Answer 7

Flattened, saclike membranes that are arranged in stacks; where light-dependent reactions take place

Question 8

Grana

Answer 8

The stacks in Thylakoids

Question 9

Stroma

Answer 9

The fluid-filled space outside the Grana

Question 10

Pigments

Answer 10

Light-absorbing molecules found in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts

Question 11

NADP+

Answer 11

Molecules that transport electrons during photosynthesis

Question 12

Calvin Cycle

Answer 12

Second phase of photosynthesis where energy is stored in organic molecules such as glucose; light-independent reaction

Question 13

Rubisco

Answer 13

Enzyme that converts inorganic carbon dioxide molecules into organic molecules during the final step of the Calvin cycle

Question 14

Anaerobic process

Answer 14

Metabolic process that does not require oxygen

Question 15

Aerobic process

Answer 15

A metabolic process that requires oxygen

Question 16

Aerobic respiration

Answer 16

Metabolic process in which pyruvate is broken down and electron-carrier molecules are used to produce ATP through electron transport

Question 17

Glycolysis

Answer 17

Process where glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm

Question 18

Krebs cycle

Answer 18

The series of reactions in which pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide

Question 19

Fermentation

Answer 19

Process in which NAD+ is regenerated, allowing cells to maintain glycolysis in the absence of oxygen