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Pathology II > Chapter 9 Part 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Part 2 Flashcards

0
Q

What is the difference between a true aneurysm and a false aneurysm?

A

True: Involves all 3 layers of the vessel wall
False: Extravascular hematoma, comm with lumen (pulsatile)

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1
Q

Aneurysm?

A
  • Vascular dilations

- Can be a true or false aneurysm

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2
Q

___________ is when there is a tear in the tunica intima and blood enters the arterial wall

A

Dissection

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3
Q

An abdominal aortic aneurysm is a dilation >____%

A

50%

Surgical: diameter > 5cm

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4
Q

What is the most common location for an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

A

Between the renal and common iliac arteries

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5
Q

T/F: Adjusting is a contraindication to an abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

True

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6
Q

T/F: 50% of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms are fatal

A

True

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7
Q

“Blood splays apart the laminar planes of the media to form a blood-filled channel inside the aortic wall” is know as an ______________

A

Aortic dissection

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8
Q

____________ is a major risk factor for aortic dissections.

A

Hypertension (90% of cases)

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9
Q

Aortic dissections are common in children and adolescents with ________ disorders

A

Connective tissue (ex. marfans syndrome, ehlers-danlos syndrome, wilson’s disease)

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10
Q

T/F: Aortic dissections are common in presence of substantial atherosclerosis

A

False, Aortic dissections are RARE in presence of substantial atherosclerosis

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11
Q

T/F: Aortic dissections are asymptomatic

A
  • False, Aortic dissections involve sudden and severe pain “tearing or stabbing”.
  • Pain located in anterior chest & projects posteriorly between scapulae
  • Pain radiates inferiorly with progression of dissection
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12
Q

What is the most common sex and age group for aortic dissections?

A

males, 40-60 yrs

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13
Q

Two types of Aortic dissections

A

Type A: Ascending Aorta

Type B: Distal to the left subclavian artery

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14
Q

Type___ is the more common and more severe form of aortic dissections

A

A

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15
Q

Inflammation of the vascular wall with local vessel destruction is known as __________

A

Vasculitis

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16
Q

Vasculitis is most common in ________ arteries

A

Small

17
Q

What are the different categories of vasculitis?

A
  1. Infectious: Vascular invasion (Hepatitis B)
  2. Non-infectious: Immune-mediated (SLE, penicillin)
  3. Irradiation/trauma related
18
Q

Giant cell arteritis is also known as __________

A

Temporal arteritis

19
Q

___________ is the most common form of vasculitis in older adults (>50 yrs)

A

Giant cell arteritis (aka Temporal arteritis)

20
Q

Giant cell arteritis affects large and small arteries of the ______ and ______

A

Head and neck

  1. Temporal artery
  2. Ophthalmic artery
  3. Vertebral artery & aorta
21
Q

Symptoms of giant cell arteritis

A

Facial pain, headaches, pyrexia, visual disturbances

22
Q

Takayasu arteritis is a form of ___________ vasculitis in which there is pronounce narrowing of the lumen in the aortic arch or its branches

A

Granulomatous

23
Q

T/F: “Pulseless disease” is Takayasu arteritis

A
  • True

- Radial and carotid arteries

24
Q

Takayasu arteritis is most common among what age group?

A

younger individuals (<50 yrs)

25
Q

System-wide vasculitis is know as _________

A

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)

26
Q

Polyarteritis nodosa occurs in what sized arteries?

A

Small and medium sized

27
Q

T/F: Although polyarteritis nodosa is system wide vasculitis, it avoids pulmonary arteries

A

True

28
Q

1/3 of polyarteritis cases are due to __________ and 2/3 of cases are condidered ____________

A

1/3: Chronic hepatitis B infection

2/3: idiopathic, autoimmune hypothesis

29
Q

Polyarteritis nodosa is most common in what age group?

A

Young adults

30
Q

Symptoms of polyarteritis nodosa

A
  • Widespread vascular lesions
  • Diffuse myalgia and peripheral neuritis (motor defects)
  • End-organ damage (atrophy, infarct)
  • Rapid increase in BP
  • Abdominal pain
  • Bloody stools
31
Q

Kawasaki disease

A

Pediatric vasculitis

32
Q

20% of Kawasaki disease cases have ___________ involvement

A

Cardiovascular (CAD)

33
Q

Kawasaki disease is idiopathic or hypothesized to be due to a type ____ hypersensitivity reaction

A

Type IV

34
Q

Hallmark of Kawasaki disease

A

acute/persistent fever

35
Q

A “strawberry tongue”, desquamation of extremities, swollen extremities, conjunctivitis, and cervical lymphadenopathy are indicative of what disease?

A

Kawasaki disease

36
Q

Wegener Granulomatosis

A
  • Type II hypersensitivity

- Necrotizing vasculitis

37
Q

Wegener granulomatosus primarily involves the _______ & _________

A
  • Kidneys

- Upper and lower respiratory tract

38
Q

Most cases of Wegener granulomatosis involve _________,________,_________, and_________

A
  • Bilateral pneumonitis (95%)
  • Sinusitis (90%)
  • Renal disease (80%)
  • Nasopharyngeal inflammation/ulcers (75%)
39
Q

Thromboangiitis obliterans is also known as what?

A

Buerger disease

40
Q

T/F: Thromboangiitis obliterans involves small and medium sized arteries

A
  • True
  • Hands (radial artery)
  • Feet (tibial artery)
41
Q

T/F: Males have a greater risk for Thromboangiitis obliterans

A

True (3x)

Pathology II (4 decks)

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