Chapter 9 Vocabulary

Question 1

Cell Cycle

Answer 1

Process of cellular reproduction occurring in three stages— interphase (growth), mitosis (nuclear division), and cytokinesis ( cytoplasm division)

Question 2

Interphase

Answer 2

First stage of cell cycle, during which a cell grows, matures, and replicates its DNA

Question 3

Mitosis

Answer 3

Second main stage of cell cycle where cells replicated DNA divides and two genetically identical diploid daughter cells are produced

Question 4

Cytokinesis

Answer 4

Third stage of cell cycle, cell’s cytoplasm divides, making a new cell

Question 5

Chromosome

Answer 5

DNA-containing structure that carries genetic material from one generation to another

Question 6

Chromatin

Answer 6

Relaxed form of DNA in the nucleus of the cell

Question 7

Prophase

Answer 7

First stage of mitosis, during which the cell’s chromatin condenses into chromosomes

Question 8

Sister chromatid

Answer 8

Structure that contains identical DNA copies and is formed during DNA replication

Question 9

Centromere

Answer 9

Cell structure that joins two sister chromatids

Question 10

Spindle Apparatus

Answer 10

Structure made of spindle fibers, centrioles, and aster fibers that is involved in moving and organizing chromosomes before the cell divides

Question 11

Metaphase

Answer 11

Second stage of mitosis in which proteins pull sister chromatids to the cell’s equator

Question 12

Anaphase

Answer 12

Third stage of mitosis in which sister chromatids are pulled apart and microtubules, along with motor proteins, move the chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell

Question 13

Telophase

Answer 13

Last stage of mitosis in which nucleoli reappear. Two new nuclear membranes begin to form , but the cell has not yet completely divided

Question 14

Cyclin

Answer 14

One of the specific proteins that regulate the cell cycle

Question 15

Cyclin-dependent kinase

Answer 15

Enzyme to which cyclin binds during interphase and mitosis, triggering and controlling activities during the cell cycle

Question 16

Cancer

Answer 16

Uncontrolled growth and division of cells that can be caused by changes in control of the cell cycle and also may be caused by environmental changes

Question 17

Carcinogen

Answer 17

Cancer-causing substance

Question 18

Apoptosis

Answer 18

Programmed cell death

Question 19

Stem cell

Answer 19

Unspecialized cell that can develop into a specialized cell under the right conditions