Define element
Substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substances, whether by chemical processes, heating, or other physical means
What is matter?
Anything that occupies space and has weight
Define atom
Smallest stable unit of matter
What are the 3 subatomic particles?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
Where are protons and neutrons located?
In the nucleus
Define protons
Carry a positive electrical charge
Define neutrons
Neutral. Carey no electrical charge
Define electron
Carries negative electrical charge.
How do you calculate atomic weight?
Protons plus electrons
Why are the electrons on the outermost shell important?
Because they are used for chemical bonding
What happens if the outer shell is not filled with the proper number of electrons?
It becomes unstable
Covalent bonds are ____ and do not break in water solutions
Strong
Hydrogen bonds are
Weak chemical bonds between atoms and molecules
What is a surfactant
Chemicals that serve as wetting agents
Organic compounds are
Molecules that are quite large
Inorganic compounds are
Small
Molecules
Organic compounds are atoms linked by
Covalent bonds
Inorganic compounds are joined by
Ionic bonds
What are ions?
Atoms or molecules that have an electrical charge
Electrolytes are
Capable of conducting an electrical current
What is a molecule
Chemical structure that contained more than 1 atom bonded together by a shared electron
What do catalysts do?
They speed up the rate of chemical reactions
When proteins act as catalysts they are called
Enzymes
Define enzyme
Molecules that catalyze reactions within the body to sustain life
Define pH
The concentration of hydrogen ions
Define acid
Substances that contain hydrogen ions that can be released to other substances. It donates a Hydrogen ion
Define base
Substance which has no hydrogen ions but are able to accept hydrogen ions from acids
Define energy
Capacity to perform work
Define kinetic energy
Energy of motion
Define conversion of energy
Energy is converted from 1 form to another. It cannot be destroyed only converted
Kinetic is what kind of energy?
Potential
ATP is your energy transfer molecule. It is the…
Most important high energy compound in the body
Define high energy bonds
When broken they release large amounts of energy