Chpt 3 Physical Exam Flashcards Preview

Peds > Chpt 3 Physical Exam > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chpt 3 Physical Exam Deck (50)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Birth to 2 months old

A

newborn

2
Q

0 to 1 year old

A

Infant

3
Q

1-28 days old

A

Neonatal

4
Q

29 days - 1 year old

A

postneonatal

5
Q

1-2 years old

A

Toddler

6
Q

2+ years old

A

Child

7
Q

What is used to assess neurologic recovery from birth and immediate adaption to extrauterine life?

A

APGAR Score

8
Q

At what point (time) is the APGAR score done at?

A

1 AND 5 minutes after birth

9
Q

What does APGAR stand for?

A
A - Activity (muscle tone)
P - Pulse (HR)
G - Grimace (Reflex irritablity)
A - Appearance (color)
R - Respirations (respiratory effort)
10
Q

What is the grading scale for APGAR scoring system?

A

0 (absent) to 2 (good)

11
Q

What is the total scoring scale interpretations for the APGAR score at 1 minute?

A
8-10 = normal
5-7 = some nervous system depression
0-4 = Severe depression, requiring immediate resuscitation
12
Q

What is the total scoring scale interpretations for the APGAR score at 5 minutes?

A
8-10 = normal
0-7 = High risk for subsequent CNS and other organ system dysfunction
13
Q

What is the Ballard scoring system?

A

Estimates gestational age based on specific neuromuscular signs and physical characteristics

14
Q

At what weeks gestation is Term according to Ballard scoring system?

A

37-42 weeks

15
Q

What are Preterm and AGA (Appropriate for gestational age) infants more prone to have/develop?

A
  1. respiratory distress
  2. apnea
  3. patent ductus arteriosus
  4. infection
16
Q

What ate LGA (Larger for gestational age) infants more prone to experience/develop?

A
  1. difficulties during birth
  2. present with metabolic abnormalites shortly after birth
  3. Risk factor for maternal diabetes
17
Q

In what position do normal term newborns lie in?

A

symmetric position, limbs semiflexed and the legs partially abducted at hip

18
Q

T/F the fingers of normal term newborns are usually flexed in a tight fist?

A

true

19
Q

Where is the apical pulse located?

A

3rd - 5th intercostal space in the midclavicular line

20
Q

Where is the femoral pulse taken?

A

point halfway b/w pubic tubercle and ASIS

21
Q

What is the normal range of HB per minute for:

  1. newborn
  2. 1 y/o
  3. 3 y/o
  4. 6 y/o
  5. 10 y/o
A
  1. 120 -170 bpm
  2. 80 - 160 bpm
  3. 80 - 160 bpm
  4. 75 - 115 bpm
  5. 70 - 110 bpm
22
Q

In infants does the abdomen or chest rise and fall during inspiration?

A

Abdomen

23
Q

In children does the abdomen or chest rise and fall during inspiration?

A

chest

24
Q

What is the normal range or respirations per minute for:

  1. newborn
  2. 1 y/o
  3. 3 y/o
  4. 6 y/o
  5. 10 y/o
A
  1. 30 -60 rpm
  2. 20 -40 rpm
  3. 20 - 30 rpm
  4. 16 - 22 rpm
  5. 16 - 20 rpm
25
Q

What technique is used on infants to take BP?

A

Flush technique

26
Q

At what age is BP measured the same way as an adult?

A

2 y/o

27
Q

How do you make sure you are using the correct cuff size while taking BP?

A

Width should cover 2/3 of the upper arm

28
Q

What is the consequence of having a BP cuff that is too wide?

A

underestimate BP

29
Q

What is the consequence of having a BP cuff that is too narrow?

A

artificially high BP

30
Q

Axillary temperatures correlate well with core temp in what age?

A

infants

31
Q

Tympanic thermometers must read tympanic membrane which shares blood with what?

A

hypothalamus

32
Q

*How often should a head circumference measurement be taken?

A

Every health visit

33
Q

Where do you measure for head circumference

A

at the largest circumference, Occipital protuberance to the supraorbital prominence

34
Q

Where do you measure for chest circumference?

A

around the nipple line to the nearest 1/8 in or .5 cm

35
Q

What is the avg. weight at birth?

A

5 lbs 8 oz- 8 lbs 13 oz

36
Q

What is the avg. length at birth?

A

18-22 in

37
Q

What is the avg. head circumference at birth?

A

13 - 14 in

38
Q

Most babies born to the same parents weigh within how many ounces of each other at birth?

A

6 oz

39
Q

Length increases by what percent in the 1st year of life?

A

50%

40
Q

How much does weight increase from birth to 6 months?

A

Doubles

41
Q

How much does weight increase from birth to the 1st year?

A

Triples

42
Q

At what point after birth should the chest exceed head circumference?

A

> 2 years old

43
Q

What part of the body grows the most during infancy?

A

Trunk

44
Q

What body part is the fastest growing during childhood?

A

legs

45
Q

What part of the body elongates during adolescence?

A

Trunk and legs

46
Q

Skeletal mass and organ systems double in size during what part of life?

A

adolescence

47
Q

What is the DDx if a patient’s head circumference increases rapidly or rises above percentile curves?

A

think inc. intracranial pressure, HYDROCEPHALUS

48
Q

What is the DDx if a patient’s head circumference grows slowly or falls off percentile curves?

A

Microcephaly or craniosynostosis

49
Q

Short stature Webbed neck, low hairline, shield chest, widespread nipples, and lymphedema are all signs of what?

A

Turner syndrome

50
Q

Microcephaly, short stature, low hairline, long curly eyelashes, arched, confluent eyebrows, upturned nose, downward turned angles of mouth, excess body hair, bilateral clinodactyly, single simian crease, and decreased visual acuity are all signs of what

A

Cornelia de Lange syndrome