Chromosomes, genes, DNA Flashcards

1
Q

Phosphodiester bond

A

A covalent bond that links two nucleotides together in a a nucleic acid molecule

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2
Q

What are the 4 bases that make up DNA nucleotides?

A

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C)

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3
Q

WHat is the backbone of DNA made of?

A

Alternating deoxyribose sugar and phosphates groups

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4
Q

How are the bases (steps on the DNA ladder) bonded together

A

With hydrogen bonds

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5
Q

What does A, T, G, and C bond with?

A

A to T only, and G to C only

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6
Q

How is information stored in DNA?

A

The sequence of the bases on the DNA helix encodes the information

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7
Q

Genome

A

the complete genetic information of a cell Genome>chromosome>DNA>genes

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8
Q

Chromosome

A

a structure of one protein and one molecule of DNA

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9
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have in each nucleus?

A

23 pairs or 46 chromosomes

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10
Q

How do chromosomes fit into a nucleus?

A

The protein twists DNA into incredibly tight bundles. Without it each DNA strand would be 2 inches long!

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11
Q

Eukaryocyte

A

Organisms that have a nucleus inside each cell

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12
Q

What does DNA hold instructions to?

A

Proteins and RNA

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13
Q

Codons

A

Triplets of nucleotides that code for amino acids- the building blocks for genes- 64 types that correlate with a specific amino acid

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14
Q

Genetic code

A

A set of 64 condons that specify the order of 20 amino acids

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15
Q

How does DNA make protein?

A

DNA makes RNA makes Protein

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16
Q

Complementary strand

A

A molecule of RNA (or strand of DNA) synthesized from a complementary template strand. The T is replaced by U- bonds with A

17
Q

How is RNA made from DNA?

A

The double strand unwinds and separates, proteins use it as a template

18
Q

What makes RNA different

A

It uses uracil (U) instead of thymine (T)

19
Q

How is protein made from RNA?

A

Messenger RNA binds to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. The ribosome binds mRNA to tRNA

20
Q

Chromatid

A

One of the two duplicates of a chromosome formed during the CELL CYCLE . 2 chromatids= sister chromatids