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MSK > Clinical anatomy of the lower limb > Flashcards

Clinical anatomy of the lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most common pelvic disorders?

A

Pelvic and actetabular fractures

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2
Q

What are the most common hip disorders?

A

Arthritis
Paeds: DDH, Perthes, SUFE
Trochanteric bursitis
Hip fractures

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3
Q

What are the most common knee disorders?

A 
Arthritis 
Extensor mechanism injury
Patellar instability 
Meniscal injuries
Cruciate injuries
Collateral ligament injuries
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4
Q

What are the most common foot and ankle disorders?

A 
Ankle arthritis
Talipes Equinus
Tarsal coalation 
Hallux valgus
Hallux rididus 
Morton's neurome
Pes planus dusfuction 
Plantar fasciitis
Ankle, MT fractures
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5
Q

What bone produces the medial malleolus?

A

Tibia

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6
Q

What bone produces the lateral malleolus?

A

Fibula

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7
Q

What is contained within the hind foot?

A

Talus and calcaneous

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8
Q

What is contained within the mid foot?

A

Navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid

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9
Q

What is contained within the forefoot?

A

MTs and everything else distal

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10
Q

What is the movement of the talus navicular joint?

A

Rotational movement

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11
Q

What is the movement by the tarsometatarsal joints?

A

Abduction and adduction

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12
Q

What is the function of the acetabular labrum?

A

Increases the amount the femoral head is capsured, important stabiliser

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13
Q

What is the main blood supply to the head and neck of femur?

A

Medial and lateral circumflex arteries
Mostly medial artery
A little from obturator artery

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14
Q

What muscles are the hip flexors?

A

Iliopsoas

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15
Q

Where does the iliacus originate and insert?

A

Origin: iliac crest
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

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16
Q

Where does the psoas major originate and insert?

A

Origin: transverse processes of L1-5
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

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17
Q

What are the secondary hip flexors and extensors of the knee?

A

Rectus femoris

Sartorius

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18
Q

Where does the rectus femoris originate and insert?

A

Origin: ASIS
Insertion: Tibia via patella tendon

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19
Q

Where does the sartorius originate and insert?

A

Origin: ASIS
Insertion: Tibia

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20
Q

What are the hip adductors of the hip?

A 
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Pectineus
Gracilis
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21
Q

Where do the hip adductors originate and insert?

A

Origin: inferior pubic rami
Insertion: Linea aspea, pectineal line, tibia

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22
Q

What are the hip abductors?

A

Gluteus minimus
Gluteus medius
Tensor fascica latae

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23
Q

Where do the gluteus minimus and medius orginate and insert?

A

Origin: iliac wing
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur

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24
Q

Where does the tensor fascia latae originate and insert?

A

Origin: iliac crest
Insertion: lateral tibia via IT band

25
Q

What is the main hip extensor?

A

Gluteus maximus

26
Q

Where does the gluteus maximus originate and insert?

A

Origin: posterior aspect of ilium
Insertion: IT band

27
Q

What are the hip extensors and knee flexors?

A

Hamstrings:
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus

28
Q

Where does the biceps femoris originate and insert?

A

Origin: Long head; ischial tuberosity, short head; linea aspera
Insertion: fibula head

29
Q

Where does the semimebranosus originate and insert?

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: posterior tibia

30
Q

Where does the semitendinosus originate and insert?

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial tibia

31
Q

Where will true hip pain present?

A

In the groin

32
Q

What is the function of hte collateral ligaments in the knee?

A

Resist varus and valgus

33
Q

What is the function of the ACL?

A

Resists anterior translation and external rotation of the tibia on the femur

34
Q

What is the function of the PCL?

A

Resists posterior translation of the tibia on the femur

35
Q

What are the important functions of the meniscus ligaments?

A

Load transfer
Increase femero-tibial conformity
Stabilise the knee during movement
Lubricate the knee

36
Q

How can the meniscus tear?

A

Bucket handle tear

Radial tear

37
Q

What are the main knee extensors?

A

Quadriceps muscle

38
Q

What is the common insertion of the quads?

A

Tibia via patellar tendon

39
Q

What is the extensor mechanism of the knee?

A 
Quadriceps muscle
Quadriceps tendon
Patella
Patella tendon 
Tibial tubercle
40
Q

What factors can lead to patellar instabilty?

A

Genu valgum
Femoral head anteversion
Weak quadriceps (vastus medialis)
Ligamentous laxity

41
Q

What muscles are included in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius

42
Q

What muscles are included in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

43
Q

What muscles are included in the deep post comp of leg?

A

Tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, popliteus

44
Q

What muscles are included in the superficial post comp of the leg?

A

Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

45
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior comp of the leg?

A

Deep fibular nerve

46
Q

What nerve supplies the lateral comp of the leg?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

47
Q

What nerve supplies the deep posterior comp of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

48
Q

What nerve supplies the superficial post comp of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

49
Q

What muscles plantarflex the ankle?

A

Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

50
Q

What muscle dorsiflexes the ankle?

A

Tibialis anteiror

51
Q

What movement occurs at the tibio-talar joint?

A

Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

52
Q

What movement occurs at the subtalar joint?

A

Eversion and inversion

53
Q

What is the medial ankle ligaments?

A

Deltoid ligament

54
Q

What is the lateral ankle ligament?

A

Lateral ligament complex

55
Q

What tendon supports the medial arch of the foot?

A

Tibialis posterior tendon

56
Q

What are some clinical issues associated with the medial arch?

A

Tib post dysfunction
Pain on medial aspect
Flattening of foot

57
Q

What ligament supports the medial arch?

A

Spring ligament; calcaneonavicular ligament

58
Q

Where does the plantar fascia originate and insert?

A

Tuberosity of calcaneus

Heads of metatarsals

59
Q

What clinical issue can arise from the plantar fascia?

A

Plantar fasciitis`

MSK (34 decks)

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