Clinical Decision Making Flashcards Preview

Paramedic Science > Clinical Decision Making > Flashcards

Flashcards in Clinical Decision Making Deck (37)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Algorithmic decision making

A

flow chart
simplify process
limit independent thinking

2
Q

pattern recognition decision making

A

recognise presentation and apply a label or diagnosis

prone to anchoring - ignoring info not confirming diagnosis

3
Q

worst case scenario decision making

A

consider a list of not to miss life threatening diagnosis

good for patient safety

4
Q

event driven decision making

A

if THIS then THAT
don’t need precis diagnosis
reactive to symptoms

5
Q

hypothetico-deductive decision making

A

empirical observation - theory formulation - hypothesis generation - hypothesis testing

6
Q

data aquisition

A

pertinent positives and negatives
focused physical exam
targeted investigations

7
Q

cognitive biases

A

predicatable, systematic errors in cognition

tendency to think in favour of one perspective over others

8
Q

Dual process theory

A

system 1 represents intuitive, unconscious reasoning that relies on heuristics or mental shortcuts
system 2 represents conscious, analytic though

9
Q

heuristics

A

mental shortcuts that ease the cognitive load of making a decision

10
Q

affective error

A

tendency to convince yourself that what you want to be true it true

11
Q

aggregate bias

A

belief that aggregate data, such as the data involved in the validation of clinical decision instruments, does not apply to the patient in front of you

12
Q

ambiguity effect

A

tendency to select options for which the probability is known, instead of selecting options for which is probabiltiy is unknown

13
Q

anchoring

A

prematurely settling on a single diagnosis based on a few important feautres and failing to adjust based on new information

14
Q

ascertainment bias

A

when your thinking is shaped by prior expectations

you see what you expect to see

15
Q

availability bias

A

tendency to judge the likelihood of a disease by the ease with wohich relevant examples come to mind
i.e. recent experience with a particular diagnosis may cause you to use the same ddiagnosis

16
Q

base rate neglect

A

failure to incorporate the true prevalence of a disease into diagnostic reasoning

17
Q

belief bias

A

tendency to accept or reject data based on one’s personal beliefs

18
Q

blind spot bias

A

fail to recognise our own weaknesses or conitive errors,

19
Q

commission and omission biases

A

commission : tendency towards action rather than inaction

omission: tendency towards inaction rather than action

20
Q

confirmation bias

A

once you have formed an opinion you have a tendency to evidence that supports you and ignore contrary evidence

21
Q

feedback sanction

A

there may be a signifcant delay until one sees the consequences of a cognitive error, therefore behaviour is reinforced

22
Q

framing effect

A

decisions are affected by how you frame your question

23
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

overweighting of an individual’s personality as the cause od their problems rather than considering potential external factors

24
Q

Gambler’s fallacy

A

belief that chance is self correcting i.e. get a number of conditions, you belief that the next one won’t be that condition

25
Q

hindsight bias

A

knowing the outcome can affect our perception of past events

26
Q

information bias

A

tendency to believe that the more info one can gather to support a diagnosis, the bettwe

27
Q

order effects

A

info transfer occurs as a u shaped function

we remember info from the beginning and end but not in th emiddle

28
Q

playing the odds

A

tendency to assume a benign diagnosis when faced with an ambiguous presentation

29
Q

posterior probabiltiy error

A

the probability of a diagnosis is overly influenced bby prior event
opposite to gambler’s fallacy

30
Q

premature closure

A

tendency to stop too early in a diagnositc process, accepting a diagnosis before gathering all the necessary info

31
Q

representativeness restraint

A

tendency to judge the likelihood of a diagnosis based on a typical prototype of the diagnosis

32
Q

search satisfaction

A

tendency to stop dearching once you have found something

33
Q

sunk cost fallacy

A

once one is invested in comething, it is difficult to let it go

34
Q

triage cueing

A

when diagnostic decisions are influenced by the original triage category

35
Q

ying yang bias

A

the belief that a pt cannot possible have a diagnosis because they have already been subjected to a multitude of negative tests

36
Q

zebra retreat

A

backing away from a rare diagnosis only because it is rare

37
Q

SPIT differential diagnosis

A

Serious diagnosis
Probable diagnosis
Interesting diagnosis
Treatable diagnosis