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Flashcards in Cognitive Theory ✅ Deck (16)
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1
Q

What are the stages in Piagets theory of development?

A
  • Sensorimotor
  • Preoperational
  • Concrete operational
  • Formal operational
2
Q

At what age is sensorimotor development normally?

A

0-2 years

3
Q

What happens in sensorimotor development?

A

Knowledge based on experience and interaction of senses and environment
Evolution of concept of self as distinct from the world, and later object permanence
Use of language and symbolism appear

4
Q

At what age is preoperational development normally?

A

2-7

5
Q

What happens in preoperational development?

A

Child is egocentric, with difficulty seeing things from another’s point of view
Belief that all events are related to self
Display animism, precausal thinking, and magical thinking
Symbolism and symbolic play appear, with use of imagination
Child has keen interest in asking questions and gaining knowledge about how and later why things are

6
Q

Give an example of animism?

A

Objects are like people, e.g. table bumped my leg because it is mean

7
Q

What is precausal thinking?

A

Natural phenomena are there because of willful acts, e.g. rainbows are there because someone painted them in the sky

8
Q

What is magical thinking?

A

A belief that one’s ideas, thoughts, actions, words, or use of symbols can influence the course of events in the material world, e.g. if I say something is true, it becomes true

9
Q

At what age is concrete operational development normally?

A

7-11 years

10
Q

What happens in the concrete operational stage?

A

Awareness of their own thoughts vs others thoughts and feelings
Skills develop in field of logic and problem-solving
Interest in categorisation, classification, and lists
Ability to generalise information from specific observations

11
Q

At what age is formal operational development normally?

A

11+

12
Q

Do all adults reach the formal operational stage?

A

No

13
Q

What happens in the formal operational stage?

A

There is an ability to handle abstract concept and use deductive reasoning in problem-solving

14
Q

What measures of cognitive ability are included in standard developmental assessments?

A
  • Knowing colours, shapes, and numbers
  • Problem solving for puzzle boards
  • Being able to select which of two objects is bigger or smaller
  • Understanding concepts such that a bird flies or horse runs fast
15
Q

What aspects of thinking require more specialised assessment?

A
  • Executive planning

- Understanding and using complex social rules

16
Q

What is high quality pre-school education associated with?

A

Improved cognitive and social development