Colorectal cancer Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Colorectal cancer Deck (16)
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1
Q

What are the benign and malignant colorectal neoplasias?

A

Benign - adenoma

Malignant - adenocarcinoma

2
Q

What are the different types of colorectal polyps?

A

Inflammatory
Hamartomatous
Metaplastic
Neoplastic

3
Q

What are the macroscopic appearances of colorectal caner?

A

Polypoidal
Ulcerative
Annular

4
Q

What are the different categories for T in TNM for colorectal cancer?

A
T1 = submucosa 
T2 = into muslce 
T3 = through muscle
T4 = adjacent structures
5
Q

What are the different categories for N in TNM for colorectal cancer?

A

N0 - no lymph involvement
N1 - less than 3 nodes involves
N2 - more than 3 nodes involved

6
Q

What are the different categories for M in TNM for colorectal cancer?

A

M0 - no distant metastases

M1 - distant metastases

7
Q

What are the different types of austosomal dominant inheritance of colorectal cancer?

A

FAP - mutation in APC gene

HNPCC - mutation in DNA mismatch repair gene

8
Q

What conditions can predispose to colorectal cancer?

A

Andeomatous polyps
UC
Crohn’s disease

9
Q

What are the symptoms of colorectal cancer?

A

Anaemia
Pain, change in bowel habit, rectal bleeding
Tenesmus

10
Q

What are the clinica findings of colorectal cancer?

A

Anaemia, cachexia, lymphadenopathy
Mass, hepatomegaly, distension
Mass in rectum, blood PR

11
Q

How can a diagnosis be achieved?

A

Barium enema
CT colography
Sigmoidoscopy
Colonoscopy

12
Q

How is colorectal cancer staged radiographically?

A

Lungs - CT
Liver - CT
Primary rectal cancer - MRI

13
Q

What are the emergency presentaions of colorectal cancer?

A

Obstruction - distension, absolute constipation, pain, vomiting
Bleedings
Perforation

14
Q

How is an obstruction treated?

A

Colostomy alone
Resection and colostomy
Resection and anastomosis
Stenting

15
Q

How is colorectal cancer treated?

A

Surgery is gold standard
Radiotherapy
Chemo

16
Q

How can rectal cancer be treated?

A

Abdomino-perineal excision
Anterior resection
Local excision