Contraception & Infertility Flashcards Preview

NAPLEX > Contraception & Infertility > Flashcards

Flashcards in Contraception & Infertility Deck (39)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Why is progesterone needed when estrogen is being used

A

to prevent endometrial hyperplasia

2
Q

If a women does not have a uterus does she need progesterone when using estrogen?

A

No, estrogen causes cell hyperplasia in the uterus leading to uterine cancer, but if there is no uterus progesterone is not needed to prevent the cell hyperplasia

3
Q

Estrogen is used for?

A

Hot flashes, bone health

4
Q

Which phase does menses occur during

A

follicular phase

5
Q

What occurs during follicular phase

A

follicle stimulating hormone spurs follicle development and causes estrogen to surge. estrogen peaks by the end of phase the surge in estrogen causes luteinizing hormone and FSH to increase

6
Q

What occurs during the ovulatory phase

A

the LH surge triggers ovulation 24-36 hours later.

7
Q

What occurs during the luteal phase

A

the start of ovulation begins the luteal (last) phase which lasts ~14 days. progesterone is dominant in this phase

8
Q

Which hormone causes release of the oocye (egg)

A

luteinizing hormone

9
Q

What is released from the body when a fertilized egg attaches to the lining of the uterus

A

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

10
Q

how do hormonal contraceptives work

A

inhibit the production of FSH and LH which prevents ovulation

11
Q

List progestin in oral contraceptives

A

northindrone
levonorgestrel
drospirenone

12
Q

what is monophasic oral contraceptives

A

have the same dose of estrogen and progestin throughout the pill pack

13
Q

unique property of drospirenone

A

is a mild potassium-sparing diuretic which decreases bloating

14
Q

primary use of progestin only contraceptives

A

women who are lactating b/c estrogen decreases breastmilk

15
Q

major counseling point for progestin only pills

A

must have good adherence b/c must be taken within 3 hours of scheduled time

16
Q

patch contraindications

A

anyone with clotting risk factors b/c patch has higher estrogen exposure

17
Q

What does “Lo” mean in a birth control name

A

< 35 mcg of estrogen

18
Q

What does “Fe” mean in a birth control name

A

contains iron supplement

19
Q

What does “24” mean in a birth control name

A

24 active pills and 4 placebo

20
Q

SE of estrogen

A
nausea
breast tenderness
bloating
weight gain 
elevated BP
21
Q

insufficient estrogen can lead to?

A

spotting in early to mid cycle

22
Q

insufficient progestin can lead to?

A

spotting in late cycle

23
Q

BC for acne

A

lower androgenic activity (ortho-cyclen)

no androgenic activity (Yaz)

24
Q

BC for breastfeeding

A

progestin only

25
Q

BC for estrogen contraindications

A

progestin only

26
Q

BC for migraines

A

if aura-progestin only

no aura-any

27
Q

BC for fluid retention

A

drospirenone

28
Q

BC for heavy menstrual bleeding

A

NAtazia
levonorgestrel-releasing IUD mirena
COC with only 4 placebo pills

29
Q

BC for HTN

A

if uncontrolled progestin only

30
Q

BC for mood changes or disorder

A

monophasic COC
extended cycle
continuous with drospirenone

31
Q

BC for nausea

A

take at night with food

decreasing estrogen

32
Q

BC for overweight

A

any

avoid DMPA

33
Q

BC for postpartum

A

do not use CHC for 3 weeks or 6 weeks if increased VTE risk

use progestin only

34
Q

BC for PMDD

A

Yaz

antidepressant

35
Q

BC for spotting

A

usually resolve in 3-6 months

36
Q

MOA of plan B

A

preventing or delaying ovulation and thickens cerviacal mucus

37
Q

First line treatment for irregular or absent menstrual cycles

A

clomiphene

38
Q

clomiphene MOA

A

SERM: selective estrogen receptor modulator which is an estrogen agonist will cause LH and FSH surge to trigger ovulation

39
Q

gonadotropin MOA

A

trigger ovulation by acting like endogenous gonadotropins FSH or LH