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Flashcards in coronary heart disease Deck (23)
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1
Q

how many deaths occur annually?

A

7.5 million

2
Q

what type of disease is it known as?

A

non communicable disease

3
Q

how does a heart attack result in death?

A

when blood vessels in the heart become blocked and there is no oxygen to the the heart muscle

4
Q

what are envirnomental links to the disease?

A
  • air quality
  • climate
  • topogrpahy
5
Q

how is air quality linked?

A

industrialisation has brought around a number of negative effects
such as the increase of pollutants in the air such as co2, this helps to increase blood pressure
areas in rural parts where air is cleaner is therefore viewed as safer

6
Q

how is climate linked?

A

it was found in studies in the uk that areas with lower average temp and sunshine hours were related to cases
(stay indoors etc)

7
Q

why do cold and damp winters have an effect?

A

they can have effects on the cardiovascular system which in turn increase the risks of heart attacks

8
Q

what are the links between socio economic environment?

A
  • social deprivation
  • tabacco use
  • alcohol use
  • high boodpressure
  • high cholesterol
  • poor nutrition
  • over weight and obesity
  • diabetes
  • exercise
  • ethnicity
  • family history
9
Q

how high is morbidity rate in smokers?

A

the morbidity rate of CHD in smokers is 60% higher

10
Q

what are the impacts on health?

A
  • irregular heart beat
  • chest pain
  • short breath
  • side effects of medication
  • psychological effects (nearly dying)
  • depressed
11
Q

how much do US spend annually on obesity?

A

$177 billion

12
Q

who do the economic costs impact?

A

individual, government, work, family and the country

13
Q

what are dalys?

A

disability adjusted life years

amount of life lost due to illness

14
Q

what has happened to dalys linked to CHD?

A

since 1990 dalys have started to rise and by 2020 they are expected to have double to 82 million

15
Q

why doe sit affect developed countries more?

A

due to their diet, accessibility to alcohol and high sugar food
over nourished

16
Q

why are emerging countries now at risk?

A

they are taking on western diets

china is affected by this

17
Q

what does the WHO state about the burden

A

that 60% of it occurs in newly industrialised countries such as china

18
Q

how many known risk factors are there?

A

over 300

19
Q

what has uk government done to try and prevent it?

A
  • chande4life
  • increased tax on cigarettes and the
  • 2018 sugar tax 70p coke 78p
20
Q

when did change4life start?

A

2009

21
Q

what is change4life?

A

us first social campaign tackling obedience

released numerous adverts aimed at children

22
Q

how much did uk raise fag tax by?

A

2012 - 5%

2016 - an additional 6%

23
Q

how is the impacts of cHD usually measured?

A

through DALYs