Cranial + Peripheral Nerves Flashcards Preview

Neurology > Cranial + Peripheral Nerves > Flashcards

Flashcards in Cranial + Peripheral Nerves Deck (25)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What is Bell’s palsy?

A

facial paralysis due to CN7 dysfunction

2
Q

What is Ramsay Hunt?

A

VZV on face causing blisters, weakness, altered taste, loss of function

3
Q

What is trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Pain affecting trigeminal nerve - sudden severe electric shock type pain in jaw, gums + teeth

4
Q

Signs + causes of olfactory nerve lesion

A

Reduced taste + smell

Trauma, frontal lobe tumor, meningitis

5
Q

Signs of optic

nerve lesion

A

Visual field defects
Pupillary abnormalities
Optic neuritis
Papilloedema

6
Q

Signs + causes of oculomotor nerve lesion

A

Fixed dilated pupil which doesn’t accomodate
Then ptosis
Caused by DM, GCA, syphilis, posterior communicating artery aneurysm

7
Q

Signs + causes of trochlear nerve lesion

A

Diplopia due to weakness of downward + inward eye movement

Trauma to orbit

8
Q

Signs + causes of trigeminal nerve lesion

A

Reduced sensation/ dysathesia over affected area
Weakness of jaw clenching
Jaw deviates to weak side when mouth is opened (if LMN lesion)
Causes: trigeminal neuralgia, herpes, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, acoustic neuroma

9
Q

Signs + causes of abducent nerve lesion

A

Inability to look laterally, eye deviated medially

Causes: MS, pontine CVA

10
Q

Signs + causes of facial nerve lesion

A

Facial weakness (forehead is paralysed)
Bell’s palsy, polio, otitis media, cerebellopontine angle tumors, Ramsay Hunt, Lyme
UMN spares forehead:
stroke, tumor

11
Q

Signs + causes of vestibulocochlear nerve lesion

A

Unilateral sensorineural deafness, tinnitus

Causes: Pagets, Meniere’s, herpes, neurofibroma, aminoglycosides, furosemides

12
Q

Signs + causes of glossopharyngeal nerve lesion

A

Unilateral lesions don’t cause any deficit because of bilateral corticobulbar connections
Bilateral = pseudobulbar palsy
Cause = trauma, brainstem lesions, cerebellopontine angle + neck tumors, polio, Guillain-Barre

13
Q

Signs + causes of vagus nerve lesion

A

Nasal speech + nasal regurg of food, hoarseness, bovine cough
Causes: trauma, brainstem lesions, cerebellopontine angle tumours, GBS

14
Q

Signs + causes of accessory nerve lesion

A

Weakness + wasting of sternocleidomastoid + trapezius

Causes: trauma, brainstem lesions, cerebellopontine angle tumours, GBS

15
Q

Signs + causes of hypoglossal nerve lesion

A

LMN lesion = wasting of ipsilateral side of tongue (deviates towards affected side)
Causes: polio

16
Q

What combined cranial nerve lesions are caused by cerebellopontine angle tumors?

A

7, 8, then 5 and sometimes 9

17
Q

What is Gradenigo’s syndrome?

A

Lesions within petrous temporal bone

5 + 6 lesions

18
Q

What can cause combined lesions in 3, 4 + 6?

A

Stroke, tumor, Wernicke’s encephalopathy, aneurysms, MS, myasthenia gravis, meningitis

19
Q

What are the main causes of upper extremity nerve injury?

A
Compression
Transection
Ischemia 
Inflammation
Neuronal degeneration 
Radiation
20
Q

What is the most common mononeuropathy in the upper limb?

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

21
Q

What is used to identify + classify nerve disorders?

A

Electromyography

Nerve conduction studies

22
Q

S+S of carpal tunnel

A

Pain or paraesthesia in median nerve area

Worse at night

23
Q

Management of carpal tunnel

A

Wrist splinting
Glucocorticoid injections
Surgery

24
Q

S+S of ulnar neuropathy at elbow

A

Sensory loss + paresthesia over digits 4 + 5

Weakness of interossesous muscles in hand

25
Q

What is the typical presentation of peroneal neuropathy at fibular neck?

A

Acute foot drop