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Flashcards in Curved bacteria Deck (44)
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1
Q

Describe the morphology of Campylobacter.

A

Slender, spiral, gram negative

2
Q

Describe the motility of Campylobacter.

A

Single polar flagellum - corkscrew swim - swim through fluids faster than any other microbe

3
Q

What is the fastest microbe?

A

Campylobacter

4
Q

Describe the aerobic status of Campylobacter.

A

Microaerophilic and Capnophilic

5
Q

What does microaerophilic mean?

A

Don’t like a full complement of atmospheric oxygen, but not as oxygen susceptible as anaerobes.

6
Q

What does capnophilic mean?

A

Loves carbon dioxide

7
Q

Describe an important metabolic characteristics of Campylobacter.

A

Asaccharolytic

8
Q

What does Asaccharolytic mean?

A

Doesn’t split sugars at all

9
Q

What is an example Campylobacter species?

A

C. jejuni

10
Q

What are the principal reservoirs for farm animals of Campylobacter?

A

Wild birds

11
Q

Where is Campylobacter always present?

A

Surface water

12
Q

Other than water, where else can people get Campylobacter?

A

raw or undercooked poultry, meat, fish and shellfish

13
Q

What kind of diarrhea does Campylobacter cause?

A

Jet propulsion

14
Q

Campylobacter is commonly found in raw _____ due to fecal contamination at ________ and occasionally to campylobacter _________.

A

milk
milking
mastitis

15
Q

What grocery store thing has really reduced infection rates of Campylobacter?

A

Air chilling

16
Q

Most common cause of acute enteritis in developed countries is due to this bacterium.

A

Campylobacter enteritis

17
Q

What are very closely related species to Campylobacter Enteritis?

A

C. jejuni and C. coli

18
Q

Campylobacter jejuni causes ____% of Campylobacter infections.

A

80-90%

19
Q

What is a rare but more serious complication of Campylobacter Enteritis?

A

Peripheral neuropathy - Guillain-Barré

20
Q

Describe Vibrio.

Motility. Gram stain. Morphology. Enzyme related to oxygen. Habitat.

A
Motile
Gram negative
Curved rod
Oxidase positive
Free living in brackish and marine waters
21
Q

Vibrio is commonly associated with what type of food?

A

Seafood

22
Q

What are the only antigens useful for classifying Vibrio?

A

O antigens

23
Q

When are Vibrio infections in coastal areas more common?

A

When the water is warmer

24
Q

V. mimimus mimics what?

A

Cholera to a lesser degree

25
Q

What is a very common cause of self-limited gastroenteritis in Japan?

A

V. parahemolyticus

26
Q

What Vibrio cholerae strains cause cholera? What do the other strains cause?

A

O1 - cholera

non-O1 cause milder diarrhea

27
Q

Where does one get cholera from?

A

Contaminated drinking water

28
Q

How does the cholera toxin exert its effects?

A

Cholera toxin binds to GM 1 ganglioside receptors on intestinal mucosa –> activates cAMP –> inhibits sodium reabsorption and causes Cl- secretion

29
Q

What is a description often given to the very-water diarrhea of those affected by cholera?

A

rice-water stool - slightly cloudy

30
Q

In severe cases (cholera gravis), how is dehydration treated?

A

oral rehydration solution or IV fluids

31
Q

How can vibrio cholerae O1 be subclassified?

A

According to 3 antigenic seroptyes (Ogawa, Inaba, Hikojima); and two biogroups - classical and El Tor

32
Q

Describe the cholera toxin.

A

Central active - A - subunit

and non-toxic pentameric binding - B - subunits

33
Q

What is the cholera vaccine?

Why is it extra-useful?

A

Dukoral

Cross-reacts with ETEC and thus can prevent traveler’s diarrhea

34
Q

What are Vibrios primarily associated with wound infections or sepsis?

A

V. vulnificus
V. alginolyticus
V. damsela

35
Q

Which vibrio is the monster of the deep?

A

Vibrio vulnificus

36
Q

What are the two main syndromes caused by Vibrio vulnificus?

A
Primary sepsis (in patients with underlying chronic diseases - esp. liver disease)
Wound infections (including necrotizing fasciitis)
37
Q

What are vibrio vulnificus infections usually due to?

A

Swimming in sea water with open wound or cleaning raw shellfish

38
Q

Although people used to think that peptic ulcer diathesis was due to acid, what is it really due to?

A

infection of the stomach lining by Helicobacter

39
Q

Describe Helicobacter.

  • Motility
  • Where do they colonize? Why is this weird?
  • What is the main Helicobacter sp?
A

polar flagella
Colonize stomach lining - which is weird considering bacteria don’t usually tolerate acid
Helicobacter pylori

40
Q

How are Helicobacters able to evade stomach acid?

A

Live in the mucous layer

Produce a very high amount of urease enzyme - splits ammonia and produces a very alkaline microenvironment

41
Q

How does one diagnose an H. pylori infection?

A

Anntibody blood test
Radioactive urea and do a breath test
Endoscopic biopsy

42
Q

What is a virulence factor of H. pylori

A

It produces a cytotoxin

43
Q

What does helicobacter cause?

What is the relation to cancer?

A

Helicobacter causes acute gastritis and gastric/duodenal ulcers
Associated with gastric cancer and gastric B-cell lymphoma

44
Q

What is another term for gastric B cell lymphoma?

A

MALToma