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CVPR: CV Unit I > CV Anatomy > Flashcards

Flashcards in CV Anatomy Deck (20)
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1
Q

Functions of CV system (4)

A
  • distribute gases/nutrients
  • remove metabolic waste
  • help maintain homeostasis (control temp, oxygen supply, pH, ionic composition, nutrient supply)
  • adapt to changing conditions and metabolic demands
2
Q

Major components of CV system (3)

A
  • heart
  • blood
  • vasculature
3
Q

Arrangement of circulation via R&L sides of heart (& implications)

A
  • R –> pulmonary circulation
  • L –> systemic circulation
  • R & L sides of heart are arranged in series, but without any direct connection between them
  • output of each side must be closely matched
4
Q

Arrangement of systemic circulation (& implications)

A
  • organ systems are arranged in parallel
  • oxygenated blood visits one organ system before returning to heart
  • changes in blood flow to one organ doesn’t significantly affect other organs
5
Q

Layers of walls of heart

A
  • epicardium=outer layer, connective tissue and fat
  • myocardium=middle layer, muscle tissue
  • endocardium=inner layer, endothelial cells
6
Q

Pericardium definition

A

fluid-filled membranous sac that surrounds the heart

7
Q

Characteristics of ventricles

A
  • main pumping chambers of heart
  • thicker walls than atria
  • L > R b/c supplies high pressure blood to systemic circulation
8
Q

Characteristics of atria

A
  • “primer” chambers
  • supply ventricles w/blood
  • thinner walls than ventricles
9
Q

Major vessels entering/leaving heart

A
  • vena cava (into R atrium)
  • pulmonary artery (out of R ventricle)
  • pulmonary vein (into L atrium)
  • aorta (out of L ventricle)
10
Q

Major valves of the heart

A
  • tricuspid (btwn R atrium/R ventricle)
  • pulmonary (btwn R ventricle/pulmonary artery)
  • mitral (btwn L atrium/L ventricle)
  • aortic (btwn L ventricle/aorta)
11
Q

Blood flow through heart

A

systemic circulation –> vena cava –> R atrium –> tricuspid valve –> R ventricle –> pulmonary valve –> pulmonary artery –> lungs –> pulmonary vein –> L atrium –> mitral valve –> L ventricle –> aortic valve –> aorta –> systemic circulation

12
Q

Major types of blood vessels (7)

A
  • aorta
  • arteries
  • arterioles
  • capillaries
  • venules
  • veins
  • lymphatic
13
Q

Major components of vascular system

A
  • arterial system=distribution
  • microcirculation=diffusion and filtration
  • venous system=collection
14
Q

Artery characteristics

A
  • thick-walled, resist expansion
  • ~3mm
  • distribute blood
15
Q

Arteriole characteristics

A
  • relatively thick walls (w/smooth muscle)
  • ~35 micom
  • innervated by autonomic nerves, circulating hormones, and local metabolites
  • primary site of regulation of vascular resistance
16
Q

Capillary characteristics

A
  • single layer of epithelial cells (endothelium) surrounded by basement membrane
  • same size as RBCs
  • huge total SA
  • site of gas/nutrient exchange
17
Q

Venule/Vein characteristics

A
  • thin walls relative to diameter, not much elasticity
  • primary capacitance vessels (contain most of blood volume)
  • one-way valves ensure flow in correct direction
18
Q

Major layers of blood vessels

A
  • tunica adventitia=outer layer, connective tissue (collagen, elastin)
  • tunica media=middle layer, innervated vascular smooth muscle (not present in capillaries)
  • tunica intima=inner layer, endothelium
19
Q

Microcirculation definition

A

vasculature from first-order arterioles –> venules

20
Q

Lymphatic system function

A

filter/regulate excess interstitial fluid