Decontamination Agents and Antiemetics Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Decontamination Agents and Antiemetics Deck (22)
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1
Q

What are 3 classes of stimulation that cause vomiting?

A

Mechanical
Blood born
Higher center

2
Q

Where are Chemoreception Trigger Zone (CTZ) and Vomiting center located?

A

CTZ = Oustide of BBB in 4th ventricle

Vomiting Center = IN BBB, medulla

3
Q

What receptors are present in CTZ?

A
Serotonin
Histamine
Muscarinic
Opioid
Dopamine
4
Q

What portion/area of the vomiting signal do 5HT inhibitors act on?

A

5HT receptors in the GI tract

i.e. sensory signalling from vagal afferents

5
Q

What portion/area of the vomiting signal do DA and opioid inhibitors act on primarily?

A

CTZ

6
Q

What portion/area of the vomiting signal do Muscarinic, histamine, NK, and cannabinoid inhibitors act on?

A

Inside the BBB

  • Central Centers
  • Vomiting Center
7
Q

Dolasetron
Granisertron
Ondansetron
Palonosetron MOA and use?

A

5HT3 R antagonists

Used for chemotherapy anti-emesis

8
Q

SE of 5HT3 antagonists?

A

Mild headache, dizziness, constipation

Prolonged QT

9
Q

Scopolamine MOA and use?

A

Anti-muscarinic

Motion sickness

10
Q

How is scopolamine administered?

A

Trans-dermal patch

11
Q

Aprepitant/Fosaprepitant MOA and use?

A

NK1 antagonists (Sub P usually binds)

Used with –serton + dexamethasone to relieve chemotherapy emesis

12
Q

How are aprepitant and fosaprepitant administered?

A
aprepitant = Oral
fosaprepitant = IV
13
Q

SE of Aprepitant/Fosaprepitant ?

A

CYP3A4 metabolism

14
Q

Dimenhydrinate
Diphenhydramine
Meclizine MOA?

A

Histamine antagonists, likely due to sedation, possibly acts on H1R in vestibulocerebellar pathway

15
Q

SE of Dimenhydrinate, Diphenhydramine, Meclizine?

A

Anticholinergic
Teratogenic
Macrolide interactions

16
Q
Droperidol
Metoclopramide
Prochlorperazine
Promethazine
Thiethylperazine MOA?
A

DA2 Antagonists

17
Q

Dronabinol

Nabilone MOA?

A

Marijonaz

18
Q

Activated Charcoal MOA?

A

Large surface area absorbs many drugs and poisons

19
Q

What DOESN’T charcoal bind?

A

Iron
Lithium
Potasium

20
Q

When SHOULDN’t you use activated charcoal?

A

Poisoning due to corrosive mineral acids or alkalis

21
Q

Polyetheylene glycol MOA?

A

Hasten removal or toxins

22
Q

Ipecac MOA?

A

Local irritant + CTZ stimulation