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Flashcards in Definitions Deck (39)
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1
Q

Catabolism

A

Breaking down of relatively complex molecules to simpler ones to either salvage components or to generate energy

2
Q

Anabolism

A

The net use of energy to build more complex molecules from simpler ones

3
Q

Cofactor

A

A substance such as an ion or coenzyme which must be associated with an enzyme for it to function.

4
Q

Coenzyme

A

A non-protein organic substance which combines with a specific protein

5
Q

Apoenzyme

A

Protein component of an enzyme to which the coenzyme attaches to form an active enzyme

6
Q

Reactions are thermodynamically favourable when ∆G is?

A

Negative

7
Q

∆G is negative therefore the reaction is

A

spontaneous

8
Q

Name the four important features of ATP

A

1) Resonance stabilisation
2) Electrostatic repulsion
3) Stabilisation by hydration
4) Metal Binding

9
Q

Allosteric regulation is the regulation of

A

a protein by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the enzymes active site

10
Q

Retro aldolase is a

A

reverse aldolase reaction

11
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Breaking of a bond using water

12
Q

80% of _____ is produced by _____

A

ethanol, fermentation

13
Q

Four problems with fuel from waste biomass are:

A

1) Large amounts of biomass needed
2) Production time is long
3) Separation cost is high
4) Large amounts of waste produced

14
Q

Gluconeogenesis is the:

A

conversion of lactate to glucose

15
Q

Gluconeogenesis is the:

A

conversion of lactate to glucose

16
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

Cytosol of cell

17
Q

Where does citric acid cycle take place?

A

Mitochondria of cell

18
Q

Tautomerism is the

A

intramoleculer transfer of a proton

19
Q

Nucleophile:

A

Donates electrons

20
Q

Electrophile

A

Accepts electrons

21
Q

Resonance structures

A

A way of illustrating electron and charge distribution in a molecule. Involves π-electrons and unbonded electron pairs

22
Q

Hydrogenation is

A

adding H to a double bond

23
Q

H of H-Cl will attack a carbonyl that is

A

nearer phenol/busy end

24
Q

If reactant doubles and rate doubles order of reaction is:

A

1st order

25
Q

If reactant doubles and no change in rate, reaction is:

A

0 order

26
Q

A reaction is spontaneous if in an energy diagram thing, the products are ___ than the reactants

A

lower

27
Q

You can find the units of K by looking at what constant?

A

Arrehenius

28
Q

Zero order reaction units?

A

M/S

29
Q

1 order reaction units?

A

s^-1

30
Q

Second order reaction units?

A

M^-1 s^-1

31
Q

Vmax refers to

A

when all active sites of an enzyme are full

32
Q

km is

A

half of Vmax

33
Q

Draw NADP

A

google it

34
Q

Draw ATP

A

google it

35
Q

3A + B -> C

Express rate of reaction in terms of disappearance of reactant A. (both A and B are 1st order)

A

-1/3d[A]/dt = k[A][B]

36
Q

3A + 4B -> C

Express rate of reaction in terms of disappearance of A & B? (B is first order and A is 0)

A

-1/3d[A]/dt = -1/4d[B]/dt = k[B]

37
Q

What is the rate equation with respect to k?

A

k = rate/ [A][B]

38
Q

What is the Arrhenius equation?

A

k= Ae -Ea/RT

39
Q

To convert from celsius to kelvin you, add the value for celsius to ?

A

273k