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Neurology > Demyelinating diseases > Flashcards

Demyelinating diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Multiple sclerosis?

A

A chronic, inflammatory disease of the CNS

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2
Q

Cause of MS?

A

Occurs when the myelin and neurons & axons are destroyed

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3
Q

What happens when myelin is lost in several areas?

A

Plaques (inflammation and sclerosis) occur

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4
Q

MS results in?

A

Periodic loss of neurological function and often progressive disability

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5
Q

Uhthoff’s phenomena?

A

MS symptoms that worsen during an increase in body temperature

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6
Q

What is MS relapse?

A

A new neurological disability that lasts greater than 24 hours

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7
Q

Can a MS relapse be a recurrence of an old symptom, a new symptom, or both?

A

Both

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8
Q

Onset of MS relapse is usually?

A

Subacute

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9
Q

How can MS plaques be visualized?

A

MRI

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10
Q

What is elevated in CSF of a patient with MS?

A

IgG index

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11
Q

What is seen in CSF but not plasma of a MS pt?

A

Oligoclonal bands

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12
Q

Expected age range of a MS pt?

A

18-50 years

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13
Q

Where is the MS plaque found?

A

Periventricular white matter

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14
Q

What stain do you use to distinguish between normal myelin and damaged myelin? What color does normal myelin stain?

A

Luxol Fast Blue Stain

Blue

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15
Q

What inflammatory cell is not found in MS plaques?

A

Neutrophils

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16
Q

Which inflammatory cells attack myelin antigens?

A

T-Cells, B-Cells, Macrophages

17
Q

Most MS pts are?

A

Women

18
Q

Types of MS?

A

Relapsing

Progressive

19
Q

Relapsing form of MS?

A

Exacerbations followed by complete or incomplete recovery

Slow, inconsistent accumulation of disability occurs in the majority of patients

20
Q

Progressive form of MS?

A

Steady progression of disability with few or no exacerbations

21
Q

Typical symptoms of pts with progressive form of MS?

A

Corticospinal tract dysfunction, sensory disturbances, and urinary symptoms

22
Q

How is MS dx?

A

MRI

23
Q

Neurologic dysfunction in MS reflects what?

A

Conduction impairment alon partially or completely demyelinated segments of myelinated fibers

24
Q

Transverse myelitis?

A

Acute neurologic condition that reflects FOCAL inflammation of the spinal cord

25
Q

Presentation of transverse myelitis?

A

Acute or subacutely developing motor,sensory, and sphincter disturbance. Usually asymmetrical

26
Q

How often is transverse myelitis the first sign of MS?

A

30%

27
Q

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) mechanism?

A

Antibody mediated demylination, axonal injury, and necrosis

Neurology (25 decks)

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