Developmental Psychiatry

Question 1

What does ADHD stand for?

Answer 1

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Question 2

What is the diagnostic triad of ADHD?

Answer 2

Inattention
Hyperactivity
Impulsivity

Question 3

How would you describe a person with ADHD’s actions?

Answer 3

Essentially act before they think - impulsive and often later regret

Question 4

What further attributes does “combined-type ADHD” have?

Answer 4

Triad of ADHD
which are developmentally inappropriate,
impairing,
pervasive and
longstanding

Question 5

What impacts can ADHD have at home?

Answer 5

Parents can’t cope
Raised family stress
Increased anger and upset
Increased risk of harm

Question 6

What impacts can ADHD have at school?

Answer 6

Barrier to learning
Frequently in trouble
Disorganised
Forgetful
Lose things

Question 7

List some comorbid difficulties that can occur with ADHD

Answer 7

Social difficulty
Learning disability
Mood and anxiety problems
Behavioural disorder
Substance use + crime

Question 8

Is ADHD more common in males or females?

Answer 8

Males

Question 9

List methods of diagnosing ADHD

Answer 9

Parent + school report
Questionnaires (Conners Rating, SDQ…)
Family history (genes)
Cognitive assessment

Question 10

Working memory in children with untreated ADHD resembles that of the memory of elderly with Alzheimer’s. True/False?

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Children can grow out of ADHD. True/False?

Answer 11

True

Some will as part of brain’s natural developmental process

Question 12

List some psychological therapies for ADHD

Answer 12

Parent training
Behavioural management
Social skills training
Sleep + diet review

Question 13

List 1st line drugs for ADHD

Answer 13

“stimulants”
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Dexamfetamine

Question 14

List 2nd line drug for ADHD

Answer 14

Atomoxetine

Question 15

List 3rd line drug classes for ADHD

Answer 15

Antidepressants
Antihypertensives
Antipsychotics

Question 16

What is the aim/purpose of using stimulant drugs in ADHD?

Answer 16

Improve dopaminergic neurotransmission in networks involved in higher executive functioning

Question 17

What does ASD stand for?

Answer 17

Autism spectrum disorder

Question 18

List the triad of impairments in autism

Answer 18

Social interaction
Language
Thought + behaviour disorder
Sensory difficulty

Question 19

Is autism more common in boys or girls?

Answer 19

Boys

Question 20

List some social interaction difficulties in autism

Answer 20

Difficulty establishing relationships
Lack of motivation for social approval
No interest in others’ needs
Little awareness of feelings of others

Question 21

List some language impairment in autism

Answer 21

Lack of speech
Difficulty using pronouns
Stress, pitch, rhythm may be odd
Difficulty interpreting non-verbal comm
Difficulty with imagery
Unresponsive/lack of feedback

Question 22

List some thought impairment in autism

Answer 22

Restricted, repetitive behaviour
Lack of imagination
Inflexible thoughts
Resistance to change

Question 23

List some comorbid conditions that may be found with autism

Answer 23

Learning disability
Mood and anxiety disorder
OCD
ADHD
Dyspraxia

Question 24

List methods of diagnosing autism

Answer 24

Screening scales
Interviews (3di)
ADOS assessment

Question 25

What is the DSM criteria for diagnosing autism?

Answer 25

6 symptoms in total
2 symptoms of social interaction
1 symptoms of communication
1 symptom of behaviour
Early onset
Longstanding

Question 26

List non-pharmacological management of autism

Answer 26

Family and school support
Behaviour analysis
SLT

Question 27

List pharmacological management of autism

Answer 27

Risperidone short-term
Methylphenidate (ADHD)
Melatonin (sleep)