Diarrhea and Constipation Flashcards

1
Q

Stool frequency of less than three per week. Characterized by straining, dard Stool, incomplete evacuation

A

constipation

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2
Q

Common causes of constipation

A

inadequate fiber and fluid intake, and inactivity

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3
Q

Done to observe transit time in patients with refractory constipation not responding to conservative measures

A

Colonic Transit Study

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4
Q

First and foremost management of constipation

A

prevention

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5
Q

key stimulus to colon peristalsis and defecation

A

excercise

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6
Q

T/F constipated stools are high in water content

A

false, they are low in water content

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7
Q

T/F chronic constipation responds poorly to fiber

A

true

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8
Q

Name the two stool softening agents

A

Colace (docusate sodium)

Docusate calcium

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9
Q

Name the two stimulant laxatives

A

Bisacodyl and Senna

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10
Q

Opioid-receptor antagonist approved for constipated palliative care pts, pts on chronic opiod tx, doesn’t effect central analgesia

A

Methylnaltrexone

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11
Q

increase in daily stool weight above 200-300g/24hrs. increase in stool liquidity and/or frequency

A

diarrhea

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12
Q

Range for normal bowel frequency

A

anywhere from three times a week to three times a day

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13
Q

Caused by decreased absorption, increased secretion of fluid and electrolytes, or increase in bowel motility

A

diarrhea

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14
Q

Quantification for acute, persistent, and chronic diarrhea according to the American Gastroenterological Association

A

acute less than 14 days. persistent 15-29 days. chronic more than 30 days

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15
Q

Common cause of acute diarrhea. Associated symptoms include fever, cramping pain, dehydration

A

infections with viruses and bacteria

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16
Q

Causes of chronic diarrhea

A

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease, or malabsorption syndromes

17
Q

Presence indicated bowel mucosal inflammation, which occurs in invasive bacterial enteritis and Ulcerative colitis

A

fecal leukocytes

18
Q

more specific than guaiac tests because they respond only to human globin and do not detect upper gastrointestinal bleeding

A

fecal occult blood

19
Q

Conditions associated with steattorhea

A

Sprue, Crohn’s, Whipples Dz

20
Q

Name the opiate antidiarrheal agents used for mild to moderate secretory diarrhea

A

Diphenoxylate (Lomotil) and Loperamide (Immodium)‏

21
Q

Name the agent used to treat diarrhea caused by ileal bile salt malabsorption

A

Cholestyramine (Questran)‏