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Flashcards in Diarrhea Path Deck (11)
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1
Q

Acute vs chronic diarrhea

A

Acute 4 weeks in duration

2
Q

What is stool osmotic gap? What is it used for?

A

Stool osmotic gap= 290-2x (stool Na+ stool K)

Used to distinguish between secretory (gap125)

3
Q

What is secretory diarrhea?

A

Results from decreased absorption or increased secretion in small bowel.

No significant stool osmotic gap. Does not abate with fasting

4
Q

What is osmotic diarrhea?

A

Presence of osmotically active, poorly absorbed solutes in bowel lumen that inhibit normal water and electrolyte absorption

Elevated osmotic gap; abates with fasting

5
Q

Describe malabsorbitive diarrhea

A

Failure of nutrient absorption associated with steatorrhea. Relieved by fasting

Caused by numerous pathologic conditions (pancreatic insufficiency, biliary disease, Crohn’s, celiac)

6
Q

Describe exudative diarrhea

A

Prurulent bloody stools due to inflammatory disease. Inflammatory products and altered absorption of fluid/electrolytes

Continues during fasting

7
Q

What are causes of acute diarrhea?

A

90%=infectious agents (norovirus most common, but also campylobacter, salmonella, shigella, E Coli
10%=meds, toxic ingestions, ischemia, food indiscretions,

8
Q

What is pseudomembranous colitis?

A

C difficile overgrowth results in toxin release that cases ribosylation of GTPases and disruption of epithelial cytoskeleton, tight junction barrier loss, cytokine release and apoptosis

9
Q

Describe Gross and histol appearance of pseudomembranous colitis

A

DO it

10
Q

What are types of ischemic colitis?

A

Mucosal infarction and mural infarction secondary to chronic hypoperfusion or transmural infarction secondary to acute vascular obstruction

11
Q

What are two phases of intestinal ischemia?

A

Hypoxic injury then reperfusion injury