Diet and exercise in the management of lipids Flashcards Preview

Module 103: Theme 3: Physiology of the cardiovascular system. Principles of pathology, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease > Diet and exercise in the management of lipids > Flashcards

Flashcards in Diet and exercise in the management of lipids Deck (21)
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1
Q

What do dietary guidelines focus on?

A

Dietary guidelines focus on fats, fruits and vegetables and more recently carbohydrate intakes alongside physical activity.

2
Q

Which nutrients are important to be considered in CHD patients?

A
Dietary Fat
Triacylglycerol
Cholesterol
Dietary carbohydrate
Simple sugars 
Polysaccharides
Non starch polysaccharides
Fruits and vegetables
3
Q

What is dietary fat?

A

Triacylglycerol makes up 95 % of dietary intake
Fat is energy dense
Fat as a source of energy – weight gain
Fat is circulated in blood as lipoproteins– arterial disease

4
Q

What does dietary advice focus on in terms of dietary fat?

A

Dietary advice focuses on reducing total fat intake and then modifying the balance of fatty acids to improve circulating lipoprotein ratio

5
Q

How is dietary fat important?

A

Source of energy for muscle
Precursor for synthesis of hormones and pro inflammatory cytokines
Insulator for cell function (neurons) and organ protection

6
Q

How can we reduce saturated fatty acid consumption?

A

Reduce visible fat intake, reduce consumption of animal meat and products
Increase consumption of vegetable products, oils, seafood nuts and seeds to increase intake of MUFA and PUFA

7
Q

What does an increase in saturated fatty acids do?

A

Consumption of saturate Fatty Acids (SFA) increases triacylglycerol (TC), HDL-C,and LDL-C even at low levels.

8
Q

What is the common advice surrounding polyunsaturated fatty acids?

A

Increase consumption vegetable oils (Omega 6) to replace SFA
Consider total fatty acid consumption
Increase consumption of Oily fish to increase supply of EPA and DHA
Flax seeds, nuts provides alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) as a precursor of EPA and DHA

9
Q

What is omega 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and what do they do?

A

Omega 6 PUFA, Linoleic acid (LA) decreases LDL-CH

10
Q

What is the importance of omega 3?

A

Omega 3 PUFA are associated with improvements in cholesterol, TG and vascular function

11
Q

How are trans fatty acids formed?

A

Trans fatty acids (tFA) are formed by hydrogenating PUFA oils to stabilise them and to form a solid at room temperature

12
Q

Why are trans fatty acids bad?

A

tFA increases LDL-C, decreases HDL-C, and increases fasting TG

13
Q

How can trans fatty acid consumption be reduced?

A

Reduce the consumption of processed food

14
Q

List the types of dietary carbohydrate

A

Polysaccharide- starch
Monosaccharides and disaccharides
Non-starch polysaccharides

15
Q

What happens to a person’s diet when you reduce their fat intake?

A

The carbohydrate intake increases

16
Q

What can an increased carbohydrate intake cause?

A

CHO can enhance hepatic synthesis of VLDL and reduce HDL creating an adverse lipid profile
Low fat with increased CHO can lead to a reduction in total LDL but increase in small dense LDL which are more atherogenic.

17
Q

What is the maximum proportion of the energy requirement should be carbohydrate?

A

65%

18
Q

What is the maximum proportion of the energy requirement should be added sugar?

A

11%

19
Q

How much fibre should be consumed per day?

A

18g

20
Q

What is the advice given surrounding exercise?

A

Adults should aim to be active daily. Over a week, activity should add up to at least 150 minutes (2½ hours) of moderate intensity activity in bouts of 10 minutes or more – one way to approach this is to do 30 minutes brisk walking on at least 5 days a week

21
Q

What does exercise do to lipid profiles?

A

Exercise up regulates lipoprotein lipase activity in skeletal muscle increasing TG clearance
Exercise decreases hepatic VLDL synthesis
Exercise decreases levels of total cholesterol. Triglyceride and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C)