Diseases of the Spinal Cord and Nerve Roots (Surgical) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Diseases of the Spinal Cord and Nerve Roots (Surgical) Deck (31)
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1
Q

where does the spinal cord extend from?

A

C1 - L2

2
Q

fill in the missing blanks

A
3
Q

fill in the blanks

A
4
Q

what happens with a C5 spinal cord lesion

A

Weakness in shoulder and below

Sensory level at C5

Increased tone in legs

Brisk reflexes

Babinski +ve

Myelopathy (UMN)

Neurological deficit due to compression of spinal cord

5
Q

what happens with L4 nerve root lesion?

A

Pain down ipsilateral leg

Numbness in L4 dermatome

Weakness in ankle dorsiflexion

Reduced knee jerk

Radiculopathy (LMN)

Compression of nerve root leading to dermatomal and myotomal deficits

6
Q

shat is the management of disc prolapse?

A

rehab

nerve root inject

lumbar/cervical discectomy

7
Q

what are the red flags for cauda equina syndrome?

A

–Bilateral sciatica

–Saddle anaesthesia

–Urinary dysfunction

8
Q

what are the first things to do with cauda equina syndrome?

A

•Requires urgent MRI

•Emergency lumbar discectomy

9
Q

what is disc prolapse?

A

Acute herniation of intervertebral disc causing compression of spinal roots or spinal cord

10
Q

who is likely to get disc prolapse?

A

younger patients

11
Q

who is likely to get loss of normal spinal structure?

A

seen in older patients

12
Q

what is loss of normal spinal structure a product of?

A

disc prolapse

ligamentum hypertrophy

osteophyte formation

13
Q

what is cervical spondylosis?

A

•Umbrella term for degenerative change in cervical spine leading to spine and nerve root compression

14
Q

how does a patient present with cervical spondylosis?

A

with either myelopathy or radiculopathy

15
Q

what is the management of cervical spondylosis?

A

–Conservative if no/mild myelopathy

–Surgery for progressive moderate to severe myelopathy

–Anterior and posterior approaches

16
Q

what is lumbar stenosis?

A

Pain down both legs ‘spinal claudication

17
Q

how is lumbar spinal stenosis worsend or relieved?

A

•Worse on walking/standing and relieved by sitting or bending forward

18
Q

what is the management of lumbar spinal stenosis?

A

lumbar laminectomy

19
Q

what are the intradural spinal tumours?

A

meningioma

neurofribroma

lipoma

20
Q

what are the intramedullary spinal tumours?

A

•Astrocytoma

•Ependymoma

•Teratoma

•haemangioblastoma

21
Q

how does a patient present with malignant cord progression?

A

patient presents with pain, weakness, sphincter disturbance

22
Q

what are the different type of spinal infections?

A

osteomyelitis

discitis

epidural abscess

23
Q

what is osteomyelitis?

A

infection within vertebral body

24
Q

what is discitis?

A

infection of intervertebral disc

25
Q

what is epidural abscess?

A

infection in the epidural space

26
Q

what are the risk factors of epidural abscess?

A

IV drug abuse

diabetes

chronic renal failure

alcoholism

27
Q

what are the organisms present in epidural abscesses?

A

staph aureus

streptococcus

e coli

28
Q

what is the management of epidural abscess

A

urgent surgical decompression and long term IV antibiotics

29
Q

what are the risk factors of osteomyelitis?

A

•IV drug abuse, diabetes, chronic renal failure, alcoholism, AIDS

30
Q

what is the management of osteomyelitis?

A

antibiotics

surgery if evidence of neurology

31
Q
A

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