Disorders of cranial nerves Flashcards Preview

Neuro AM > Disorders of cranial nerves > Flashcards

Flashcards in Disorders of cranial nerves Deck (42)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What cranial nerves have special senses?

A

I, II, VII, IX, VII

2
Q

What cranial nerves supply ordinary senses?

A

V, VII, X

3
Q

What cranial nerves supply motor activity?

A

III, IV, VI, V, VII, X, XI

4
Q

What cranial nerves have autonomic functions?

A

III, VII, IX, X

5
Q

What would bilateral CN III signs signify?

A

Midbrain issue

6
Q

What would III, IV and VI signs signify?

A

Problems with superior orbital fissure

7
Q

What would VI and VII signs signify?

A

Pons issue

8
Q

What would V and VII signs signify?

A

Cerebellopontine angle issue

9
Q

Where can the cranial nerves be damaged?

A

Within the brain
Crossing the subarachnoid space
Outside the skull

10
Q

How can the cranial nerves be damaged within the brain?

A

Ischaemia

Tumour

11
Q

How can cranial nerves be damaged crossing the subarachnoid space?

A

By meningitis

12
Q

How can cranial nerves be damaged outside the skull?

A

By base of skull tumours

13
Q

What causes optic neuritis?

A

Demyelination of optic nerve

14
Q

What are the symptoms of optic neuritis?

A

Pain on eye movement
Reduced visual acuity
Reduced colour vision

15
Q

What is optic neuritis associated with?

A

Often associated with MS

16
Q

What are the causes of dilated pupils?

A
Youth
Dim lighting
Anxiety, excitement
Mydriatic eye drops
Amphetamine, cocaine
CN III palsy
Brain death
17
Q

What are the causes of small pupils?

A
Old age
Bright light
Miotic eye drops
Opiate overdose
Horner's syndrome
18
Q

What are the eye movement disorders?

A
Isolated third nerve palsy
Isolated fourth nerve palsy
Isolated sixth nerve palsy
Supranucleus nerve palsy
Nystagmus
Combination nerve palsy
19
Q

What are the types of isolated third nerve palsy?

A

Microvascular

Compressive

20
Q

What are the features and causes of microvascular third nerve palsy?

A

Painless eye movement disorder, pupil spared

Causes- diabetes, hypertension

21
Q

What are the features and causes of compressive third nerve palsy?

A

Painful eye movement disorder, pupil involved

Causes- posterior communicating artery aneurysm, raised something??

22
Q

What are the cases of a sixth nerve palsy?

A

Idiopathic
Diabetes
Meningitis
Raised ICP

23
Q

What are the causes of nystagmus?

A
Congenital
Serious visual impairment
Peripheral vestibular problem
Central vestibular/brainstem disease
Cerebellar disease
Toxins
24
Q

What is trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Paroxysmal attacks of lancinating ain

25
Q

What causes trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Compression of CN V in posterior fossa

26
Q

What is the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Carbamazepine

Surgery if resistant

27
Q

What is Bell’s palsy?

A

Unilateral facial weakness

LMN type

28
Q

What are the features of Bell’s palsy?

A

Often preceded by pain behind ear
Eye closure affected
Risk of corneal damage

29
Q

What is the treatment of Bell’s palsy?

A

Steroids

30
Q

What are the 2 types of facial paralysis?

A

Upper motor neuron

Lower motor neuron

31
Q

What are the causes of upper motor neurone facial paralysis?

A

Stroke

Tumour

32
Q

What are the causes of lower motor neurone facial paralysis?

A

Bell’s palsy
Lyme’s disease
Sarcoid

33
Q

What are the symptoms of vestibular neuritis?

A

Disabling vertigo

Vomiting

34
Q

What ae the features of vestibular neuritis?

A

Sudden onset
Gradual recovery
Cause unknown

35
Q

What is dysarthria?

A

Disordered articulation, slurred speech

36
Q

What is dysphagia?

A

Difficulty swallowing

37
Q

What is a bulbar palsy?

A

Bilateral LMN lesions affecting IX-XII

38
Q

What are the symptoms of a bulbar palsy?

A

Wasted, fasciculaing tongue
Dysarthria
Dysphonia
Dysphagia

39
Q

What are some bulbar palsies?

A
Motor neuron diseaase
Polio
Tumours
Vascular lesions of medulla
Syphillis
40
Q

What is a pseudo bulbar palsy?

A

Bilateral upper motor neuron palsy

41
Q

What are the symptoms of a pseudo bulbar palsy?

A
Dysarthria
Dysphonia
Dysphagia
Spastic, immobile tongue
Brisk jaw jerk
Brisk gag reflex
42
Q

What are the causes of a pseudo bulbar palsy?

A

Vascular lesions in both internal capsules

Motor neuron disease