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Flashcards in DNA synthesis Deck (47)
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1
Q

site at which replication occurs

A

replication fork

2
Q

enzymes that unwind DNA

A

helicase and topisomerases

3
Q

major enzyme of DNA replication

A

DNA polymerase

4
Q

DNA strands are copied in this direction

A

3’ to 5’ direction

5
Q

Strands are produced in this direction

A

5’-to-3’

6
Q

Percursor for replication

A

deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates

7
Q

produces primer for DNA replication

A

enzyme primase

8
Q

synthesizes the replication of telomeres

A

telomerase

9
Q

def. of semi conserved

A

both DNA strands are present, just not together

10
Q

Protein that binds to point of origin in prokaryotes

A

DnaA

11
Q

Parental strands of prokaryotes are copied at same time via these proteins

A

gyrase, helicase, single stranded binding protein

12
Q

enzyme that separate the DNA strands

A

helicases

13
Q

enzyme that prevent the strands from reassociating and protect from other enzymes

A

single stranded binding proteins

14
Q

enzymes that break phospodiester bonds

A

topoisomerases

15
Q

major topoisomerase in bacteria

A

DNA gyrase

16
Q

what are okazaki strands

A

5’-to-3’ strands created as fragments

17
Q

what ties okazaki strands together

A

ligase

18
Q

combine to make promosome

A

helicase and primase

19
Q

holds polymerase on DNA strand

A

sliding clamp

20
Q

attches polymerase on lagging strand to sliding clamp

A

clamp loader

21
Q

poymerases that remain attached to the parental template while moving down the chain exhibit this

A

processivity

22
Q

Function of Pol I - bacterial DNA polymerase

A

fill gap, remove RNA primer

23
Q

function of Pol II

A

DNA repair

24
Q

function of Pol III

A

DNA replication

25
Q

these proteins straighten out the region of DNA chain

A

single-straned protrins

26
Q

enzyme htat synthesixes the short RNA primers of lagging strand

A

DNA primase

27
Q

remove RNA primers

A

Pol I and RNAse H

28
Q

Fills in gaps left by primer removeal

A

Pol I

29
Q

proofread of E. coli

A

Pol III

30
Q

phase of cell division

A

M phase

31
Q

Cells prepare to duplicate in this phase

A

G1

32
Q

DNA is replicated in this phase

A

S

33
Q

Cells prepare to divide in this phase

A

G2

34
Q

phase where cells remain dormant

A

G0

35
Q

how many origins of replication do eukaryotic cells have

A

multiple

36
Q

of eukaryotic DNA polymerase

A

15

37
Q

Major replicative enxyme

A

Pol sigma

38
Q

most polymerase have one of these functions

A

replication or repair

39
Q

Act on leading strand to make a RNA primer

A

Pol alpha

40
Q

Relieve tension and break phosphodiester links

A

Topo I

41
Q

Removes tangles by making protein gate

A

Topo II

42
Q

RNA of these base pairs lengthen the 3’ strand

A

telomerase

43
Q

short piece of DNA lost when a cell divides

A

telomere

44
Q

enzyme that creates single stranded DNA from RNA template

A

reverse transcriptase

45
Q

Cells shorten to point of death is called this

A

Hayflick limit

46
Q

increased risk of cancer associated with this

A

variant in Pol beta

47
Q

5 flourcacil used to treat 1. by this method 2.

A

cancer, inhibits probduction of thymine