site at which replication occurs
replication fork
enzymes that unwind DNA
helicase and topisomerases
major enzyme of DNA replication
DNA polymerase
DNA strands are copied in this direction
3’ to 5’ direction
Strands are produced in this direction
5’-to-3’
Percursor for replication
deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates
produces primer for DNA replication
enzyme primase
synthesizes the replication of telomeres
telomerase
def. of semi conserved
both DNA strands are present, just not together
Protein that binds to point of origin in prokaryotes
DnaA
Parental strands of prokaryotes are copied at same time via these proteins
gyrase, helicase, single stranded binding protein
enzyme that separate the DNA strands
helicases
enzyme that prevent the strands from reassociating and protect from other enzymes
single stranded binding proteins
enzymes that break phospodiester bonds
topoisomerases
major topoisomerase in bacteria
DNA gyrase
what are okazaki strands
5’-to-3’ strands created as fragments
what ties okazaki strands together
ligase
combine to make promosome
helicase and primase
holds polymerase on DNA strand
sliding clamp
attches polymerase on lagging strand to sliding clamp
clamp loader
poymerases that remain attached to the parental template while moving down the chain exhibit this
processivity
Function of Pol I - bacterial DNA polymerase
fill gap, remove RNA primer
function of Pol II
DNA repair
function of Pol III
DNA replication
these proteins straighten out the region of DNA chain
single-straned protrins
enzyme htat synthesixes the short RNA primers of lagging strand
DNA primase
remove RNA primers
Pol I and RNAse H
Fills in gaps left by primer removeal
Pol I
proofread of E. coli
Pol III
phase of cell division
M phase
Cells prepare to duplicate in this phase
G1
DNA is replicated in this phase
S
Cells prepare to divide in this phase
G2
phase where cells remain dormant
G0
how many origins of replication do eukaryotic cells have
multiple
of eukaryotic DNA polymerase
15
Major replicative enxyme
Pol sigma
most polymerase have one of these functions
replication or repair
Act on leading strand to make a RNA primer
Pol alpha
Relieve tension and break phosphodiester links
Topo I
Removes tangles by making protein gate
Topo II
RNA of these base pairs lengthen the 3’ strand
telomerase
short piece of DNA lost when a cell divides
telomere
enzyme that creates single stranded DNA from RNA template
reverse transcriptase
Cells shorten to point of death is called this
Hayflick limit
increased risk of cancer associated with this
variant in Pol beta
5 flourcacil used to treat 1. by this method 2.
cancer, inhibits probduction of thymine