DNAmutation_repair Flashcards Preview

Foundations > DNAmutation_repair > Flashcards

Flashcards in DNAmutation_repair Deck (28)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

types of dna damage

A

chromosoal, intrachromosoal, single strand mutations

2
Q

Name the DNA repair pathways

A

Direct reversal, MMR, NER, BER, HR, NHEJ

3
Q

Major reason for double strand DNA

A

To correct damage via the other strand

4
Q

List enviromental factors that cause mutation

A

heat, radiation, chemical carcinogens, diet, infectious agents (virus), pro-carcinogens

5
Q

carcinogen process from cigarette smoke, produced when oxidized in cell

A

benzo[a]pyrene

6
Q

UV rays cause this distortion in DNA

A

covalent dimers of pyrimidine bases, usually T

7
Q

spontaneous changes that damage DNA

A

oxidative damage, hydrolytic attachment, uncontrolled methylation

8
Q

Example of depurination

A

G or A leave nt

9
Q

Example of Deamination

A

C converted to U

10
Q

inherited defect of colorectal cancer

A

MLH1 mismatch repair (MMR) defect

11
Q

describe base excision repair (BER)

A

glycolase recognizes error, AP sugar phostpate removed (sites with out Purine or Pyrimidine), polymerase adds new nt

12
Q

descrive nucleotide excision repair (NER)

A

complex recognizes a pyrimidine dimer, cut made on both side and helicase removes damaged strand

13
Q

genetically heterogenous, autosomal recessive disease of defective DNA repair, extra sensitive to UV radiation

A

xeroderma pigmetosum (XP)

14
Q

causes of double strand break repair

A

radiaiton, oxidizing agents, replication errors and metabolic cellular products, related to aging

15
Q

method of repairing double-strand break repair

A

non-homologous end joinging (NHEJ)

16
Q

more difficult method to repair DSB

A

homologous end-joining

17
Q

genetic exchange between a pair of homologous DNA, involves sequences, involves Brca1, Brca2

A

homologous recombinatoin

18
Q

proteins used for DSB repair

A

RecA/Rad51

19
Q

Uses PARP, Ku protein, DNA-PK, ligase to repair damage

A

NHEJ

20
Q

defect in ATM causes neurodegeneration, cancer, genome instability

A

AT

21
Q

common to many cancers, an important G1 checkpoint control gene

A

p53

22
Q

Unusual chromosome number

A

aneuploidy

23
Q

common to hematopoietic cancers

A

translocations

24
Q

skipping over DNA lesions

A

translesion synthesis (TLS)

25
Q

spontanous repair of damage

A

direct reversal

26
Q

chromosomal (large scale) DNA damage

A

large double stranded breaks, translocations, aneuploidy

27
Q

intrachromosomal damage

A

deletions and duplications

28
Q

single strand small scale mutations

A

small deletions and duplications, point mutations