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Flashcards in Drugs - Sheet1 Deck (27)
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1
Q

Sertraline

A

Sertraline (Zoloft) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) commonly used to treat anxiety disorders and major depression. Oral dosage:
Adults: Initial dose of 25 mg/day. After one week, increase dose to 50 mg. If necessary, increase by 50 mg/day at intervals of not less than one week up to 200 mg/day.

2
Q

Cyclobenzaprine

A

Flexeril. skeletal muscle relaxant used for relief of musculskeletal spasm (not CNS disease). Cyclobenzaprine relieves muscle spasms through a central action, possibly at the brain stem level, with no direct action on the neuromuscular junction or the muscle involved.

3
Q

Ibuprofen

A

NSAID. Ibuprofen competitively inhibits both cyclooxygenase (COX) isoenzymes, COX-1 and COX-2, by blocking arachidonate binding resulting in analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory pharmacologic effects. The enzymes COX-1 and COX-2 catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin G2 (PGG2), the first step of the synthesis prostaglandins and thromboxanes that are involved in rapid physiological responses.

4
Q

Doxycycline

A

Doxycycline is generally bacteriostatic against a wide variety of organisms, both gram-positive and gram-negative. Binds bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, so no tRNA to mRNA!

5
Q

Tetracycline

A

Bacteriostatic. Bind 30S ribosomal subunit, so no tRNA to mRNA!

6
Q

Atovaquone

A

oral antiprotozoal agent. selectively inhibit mitochondrial electron transport, leading to inhibition of pyrimidine synthesis. The site of action appears to be the cytochrome bc1 complex (complex III).

7
Q

Chloroquine

A

In the treatment of Babesiosis–provides symptomatic improvement but does not reduce parasitemia.

8
Q

Streptomycin

A

Preferred antibiotic treatment for Tularemia

9
Q

hydrocortisone

A

Actions: Anti-inflammatory
Immunosuppressive
Anti-proliferative
Vasoconstrictive

Uses: eczema, contact dermatitis,
psoriasis, itch, lichen planus….. Adverse effects: SKIN ATROPHY, striae, acne, suppression of the HPA axis.

10
Q

Retinoids (there might be two divisions of these!)

A

Vitamin A analogs which work through nuclear receptors on DNA causing alteration of gene transcription. Opens up comadons (?)
Actions: Regulate cell growth, inhibit carcinogenesis, alter enzymes involved with cellular differentiation.
Uses: acne, psoriasis, cosmetic skin improvement. (repair disordered keratinization)
Tox: dryness, irritation, sun sensitivity, Teratogenicity

11
Q

Calcipotriene

A

(aka Dovonex)
A vitamin D analog that acts through DNA receptors to alter skin differentiation. Uses: psoriasis, eczema. Tox : irritation, increased serum calcium

12
Q

Topical Antimicrobials are used for…

A

Used for: wounds, acne, fungal infections, rosacea…

13
Q

Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors:TCIs

A

Work through calcineurin to alter T-cell activation.
A.E. : limited. Local irritation or burning
Contact dermatitis, eczema around the eye (don’t want steroid b/c of atrophy)

14
Q

Sunscreens

A

Avobenzone / Helioplex or
Mexoryl are better against UVA.

Titanium dioxide and Zinc oxide ‘blockers’–don’t absorb

15
Q

Imiquimod: Aldara cream

A

An “immune response modifier”.
Increases local immune activity through Toll receptors (i.e. INF, TNF, NK cells, T cells).
Initially approved for Condyloma….., now Actinic Keratosis, BCC.
Other uses include common warts, molluscum, in situ Ca…..

16
Q

Topical 5-fluorouracil

A

i.e. Carac, Efudex
5-FU inhibits thymidylate synthase resulting in reduced DNA synthesis.
Acts selectively in actinic damaged skin cells (cancerous cells–used with imiquimod for ACTINIC KERATOSIS)

17
Q

Wound Care

A

keep covered with a nonstick dressing to allow natural cytokines to facilitate healing.
Monitor for infection.
“Airing out” wounds slows healing and increases likelihood of scarring.

18
Q

Dapsone

A

A Sulfone.
Mainstay of leprosy therapy.
Action: Inhibits myeloperoxidase in PMNs.
Affect on CD11a/CD18.
Uses: dermatitis herpetiformis, linear IgA disease, bullous lupus, Sweet’s syndrome, spider bite….(**neutrophilic skin dz).

A.E. : Hemolysis (esp. G6PD deficiency),
Methemaglobinemia, Motor neuropathy.

Lab: G6PD, CBC.

19
Q

Methotrexate

A

Long history of use.
Action: Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor that disrupts DNA synthesis to block cell division. Immunosuppressive.
Uses: psoriasis, CTCL, lupus, others….
A.E. :hepatotoxicity, myelosuppression, pneumonitis.
Lab: CBC, LFT (lymphoma), Liver biopsy.

20
Q

Biological Therapy

A

Newest generation of systemic therapy
for psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, (RA).
Biogenetically engineered proteins which disrupt/inhibit focused portions of the immune system involved in psoriasis.
Appear to be safe for long-term control without organ toxicity.

A.E.: Injection site irritation.
                    Risk of Infection?
                    Exacerbate CHF?
                    Reactivate TB?
                    Risk for cancer?
                    Others?
21
Q

Biological Therapy: Humira

A

binds TNF.

22
Q

Oral Antimicrobials forms and uses…

A

Antibiotics: acne, folliculitis, cellulitis, rosacea, wound infection……
Anti-virals: HSV infection, cold sores, zoster……
Anti-fungals: ‘ring worm’, ‘athletes foot’, infected nails…..

23
Q

Minoxidil

A

i.e. Rogaine
Action: vasodilatation and direct stimulation of hair shaft growth.

Uses: Alopecia

24
Q

Finasteride

A

i.e. Propecia
Action: Blocks 5-alpha reductase enzyme in follicles to inhibit the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.

Uses: Androgenetic Alopecia

25
Q

Liquid Nitrogen

A

Action: Freezes tissue (-196 C)

Uses: warts, actinic keratoses, skin cancer,
others…..

26
Q

Cosmetic Products:Soaps

A

Generally made from animal fats. Have a negative charge. Tend to strip off natural skin barrier lipids resulting in water loss.

Suggest: Minimizing their use. Try non-soap cleansers like Cetaphil, Purpose, Basis.

27
Q

Cosmetic Products: Alpha Hydroxy Acids

A

Exfoliate.
Thicken epidermis.
Stimulate collagen growth.
Increase skin profusion.

Result in fewer wrinkles, more pliable skin, with better hydration.