Drugs Week 4 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Drugs Week 4 Deck (7)
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1
Q

alpha-bungarotoxin

A

blocks nicotinic ion channel causing paralysis. from krait or cobra venom

2
Q

Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine

A

MOA - Blocks acetylcholinesterases thus prolonging the action of Ach in synaptic cleft. Longer acting than edrophinium.

Quatrenary ammonium - perenteral is best. Pyridostigmine is better orally absorbed. Neo is hospital only.

Uses - Myasthenia Gravis, Pyridostigmine used in war prophylacticly vs. nerve gas. Can be used post-op.

Side effects - SLUDGE Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Diarrhea, GI problems, emesis

3
Q

Edrophinium

A

Anticholinesterase short acting to diagnosis Mysathenia gravis vs cholinergic crisis.

4
Q

d-tubocurarine, mivacurium

A

Competitive blocker or Nicotininc receptor. Jaws>eyes>limbs>diaphram fail to contract; Mivacurium is shorter acting

anticholinesterases reverse block. Epi and NE a little.

Enhanced by ether, halogenated anasthetics, streptomycin, tetracycline.

Toxic effects - apnea, histamine release, cardiovascular collapse.

Metabolized by kidneys - can use atracurium which is shorter acting and not metabolized by kidneys

5
Q

Succinylcholine

A

MOA: Depolarization of end plate of muscle. Chronic Na+ influx causes depolariazation; fasciculations precede flaccid paralysis.

Uses- w/ anasthetics for muscle paralysis; Used often for tracheal intubation. Prevention of seizures in electroshock therapy; nerve root pain vs muscle spasm impinging on nerve

Chest and abdomen most sensitive; anticholinesterases augment block.

Adverse effects - Malignant hyperthermia, apnea, histamine release, cardiovascular collapse. Can cause bronchoconstriction. Don’t use in burn patients

6
Q

Dantrolene

A

MOA: Calcium antagonist. Nerve will fire, but muscle will not.

Uses: treatment for malignant hyperthermia.

7
Q

Botulinum toxin (BOTOX)

A

MOA - prevents Ach release by cleaving proteins necessary for ach exocytosis. Flaccid paralysis

Last about 3 months

Uses: Muscle spasms, suppress sweating.

*most potent(lethal) toxin known. Possible bioterrorism toxin