DVT and PE Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in DVT and PE Deck (16)
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1
Q

what is the defintion of a DVT?

A
  • a thrombus formed n the deep venous circulation
2
Q

what is the defintion of a PE?

A
  • a thrombus tht has embolised and lodged in the pulmonary circulation
3
Q

what is the definition of a VTE?

A
  • covers both DVT and PE

- venous thromboembolic disease

4
Q

what is a distal DVT?

A
  • in the calves

- no evidence to clinical treatment working

5
Q

what is a proximal DVT?

A
  • in the popliteal vein or femoral vein

- these thromboses are termed proximal because they are closer to the heart

6
Q

what are the 3 components of virchows triad?

A
  • hypercoagulable state
  • circulatory stasis
  • endothelial injury
7
Q

how does a DVT present?

A
  • painful and swollen limb with redness and heat
  • tenderness along vein
  • subcute development
  • no other obvious case
8
Q

how does PE present?

A
  • sudden SOB with pleuritic pain +- collapse +- haemoptysis
  • hypoxia and tachycardic on Obs
  • BP may be low
9
Q

what is D-dimer?

A
  • a breakdown product of cross linked fibrin
10
Q

how do you interpret pre test probability?

A
  • high test = scan

- low test + high d-dimer = scan

11
Q

what is post thrombotic syndrome characterised by ?

A
  • pain
  • oedema
  • hyper pigmentation
  • eczema
  • varicose collateral veins
  • venous circulation
12
Q

how do you estimate the severity of PE?

A
  • PESI score
13
Q

how do you manage a DVT?

A
  • oral anticoagulation
14
Q

how do you manage a PE?

A
  • high risk = thrombolysis then oral anticoagualtion

- immediate or low risk = oral anticoagulation

15
Q

what is thrombolysis?

A
  • aggressive clot destruction
16
Q

which anticoagulatant do you use?

A
  • direct oral anticoagulants eg apixaban or rivaroxban = these are as good as warfarin
  • vitamin K antagonist
  • LMWH injections = in cancer and PE