What are the 4 radiographic signs of DDD?
- -Decreased disc space
- -Osteophytes
- -Endplate Sclerosis
- -Vacuum
What type of modic changes represents marrow edema and inflammation?
Type 1
What type of modic changes represents fatty marrow replacement?
Type 2
What type of modic changes represent sclerotic changes?
Type 3
What type of modic changes are mc in cervical spine?
Type 1
What type of modic changes are mc in lumbar spine?
Type 2
What population is at risk for degenerative spondylolisthesis?
- -4th lumbar
- -female
- -over 40
What is the most common location for DDD in the cervical spine?
C5/C6
Uncinate hypertrophy will produce what radiographic sign?
pseudofracture line on lateral view
Zygapophyseal degeneration is most most common at what locations in the spine?
- -Middle Cervical
- -Upper and Middle Thoracic
- -Lower Lumbar
disc space narrowing or at least 3 contiguous vertebrae, each with wedging of at least 5*?
scheuermann’s disease
What is the onset of scheuermann’s disease?
13-17
Exuberant hypertrophic changes involving the anterior vertebral body margins?
DISH
What populations are at risk for DISH?
males over 50
What is DISH’s affect on disc space?
preserves disc space
What are the symptoms of midline cervical disc herniation?
myelopathy
What are the symptoms of lateral cervical disc herniation?
compress nerve below
What are the symptoms of midline lumbar disc herniations?
compress nerve below
What are the symptoms of foraminal lumbar disc herniations?
compress nerve at same level
What are the contents of the spinal canal?
- -Thecal sac
- -Epidural fat
- -Internal vertebral plexus
- -Ligamentum flavum
- -PLL
What are the MRI findings of the spinal canal contents?
- -focal bulge
- -obliterated epidural fat
- -deformed theca
- -displace nerve roots
- -decreased MR signal
What are the 4 directions of disc herniations?
- -central
- -paracentral
- -infra foraminal
- -extra foraminal
What are the 4 disc herniation classifications?
- -Bulge
- -Protrusion
- -Extrusion
- -Sequestration
What is the circumferential symmetric extension of the disc beyond the interspace?
bulge
What is the asymmetric extension of the disc beyond the interspace?
protrusion
What is the more extreme extension of the disc beyond the interspace, with the base against the disc of origin?
extrusion
What is extruding the material of the disc itself into the canal?
sequestration