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ENT > Ear disease > Flashcards

Ear disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are symptoms of ear disease?

A 
Hearing loss
Tinnitus
Vertigo
Otalgia
Discharge
Facial weakness
Previous ear surgery
Nasal symptoms
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2
Q

What are the different types of hearing loss?

A

Conductive
Sensorineural
Mixed

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3
Q

Where should normal hearing be on on audiometry?

A

Between 0-20

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4
Q

What do the triangles represent on audiometry?

A

Bone conduction - inner ear

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5
Q

What do the circles represent on the audiometry?

A

Right ear - air conduction in middle ear

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6
Q

What do the crosses on the audiometry represent?

A

Left ear - air conduction in middle ear

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7
Q

What does a bone air gap represent?

A

Conductive hearing loss

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8
Q

What are signs of ear disease?

A 
Discharge
Swelling
Bleeding
Masses
External scars
Changes in ear drum
Swelling over mastoid
Facial weakness
Hearing loss
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9
Q

What is otitis externa?

A

Inflammation of the skin of the ear canal
Almost always infective - bacterial or fungal
Commonly caused by water, cotton buds, skin conditions (eczema or psoriasis)

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10
Q

What is acute otitis media?

A

Associated with glue ear
More common in children
Associated with URTIs
Children will be systemically unwell and in pain

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11
Q

When does acute otitis media become glue ear?

A

After 3 months and a significant hearing loss of 25-30 decibels

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12
Q

What is included in chronic otitis media?

A

Otitis media with effusion
Cholesteatoma
Perforation

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13
Q

What can cause otitis media with effusion in children?

A

Eustachian tube dysfunction or obstruction

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14
Q

What can cause otitis media with effusion in adults?

A

Rhinosinusitis
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Nasopharyngeal lymphoma

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15
Q

What will otitis media with effusion present like?

A 
Conductive hearing loss with a flat tympanogram 
Abnormal cone of light 
Membrane sucked inwards
Pars flaccida sucked in 
Yellow appearance
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16
Q

What can cause a perforated ear drum?

A

Commonly due to AOM

May also occur after trauma to ear and skull#

17
Q

What is important patient self care with a perforated ear drum?

A

Will usually heal spontaneously but need to keep dry to prevent infection

18
Q

What is a cholesteatoma?

A

Presence of keratin within the middle ear
Erodes the surrounding bone
Causes hearing loss, discharge

19
Q

How is cholesteatoma treated?

A

Surgical excision and reconstruction

20
Q

What are complications of AOM and cholesteatoma?

A 
Sigmoid sinus is in the mastoid which becomes the internal jugular vein 
Can result in an infective thrombus
Brain abscess
Mastoditis 
Facial nerve palsy
Meningitis 
SNHL
Tinnitus
Vertigo
21
Q

How will otosclerosis present?

A

Gradual onset of conductive hearing loss

More common in women and will progress rapidly during pregnancy

22
Q

What is otosclerosis?

A

Fixation of stapes footplate

23
Q

What is presbycusis?

A

High frequency loss in both ears with no bone air gap

Age related degeneration in hearing

24
Q

What will noise induced hearing loss present like on an audiometry?

A

Classical dip at 4000 Hz

No bone air gap = sensorineural hearing loss

25
Q

What drugs can cause a hearing loss?

A

Gentamicin
Chemotherapeutic drugs- cisplatin and vincristine
Aspirin and NSAIDs in overdose - this one is reversible

26
Q

What can trauma to the ear present with?

A

Skull fracture
Hemotympanum
Eardrum perforation

27
Q

What is a classical sign of a base of skull fracture?

A

Battle’s sign

Can be seen with a hemotympanum with a conductive hearing loss

28
Q

What can a skull fracture lead to?

A

Hearing loss - conductive or sensorineural
Facial palsy
CSF leak

ENT (20 decks)

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