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First Year Revision > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

For an ECG, what is the recording device and recording called?

A

Recording device - electrocardiograph. Recording - electrocardiogram.

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2
Q

When depolarisation moves towards the recording electrode, what direction is the deflection on the ECG?

A

Upwards.

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3
Q

When depolarisation moves away from the recording electrode, what direction is the deflection on the ECG?

A

Downwards.

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4
Q

What type of leads are the 3 standard limb leads?

A

Bipolar.

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5
Q

What type of leads are the 3 augmented limb leads?

A

Unipolar.

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6
Q

What are the positive and negative electrodes for leads I, II and III?

A

I: -ve is RA, +ve is LA. II: -ve is RA, +ve is LL. III: -ve is LA, +ve is LL.

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7
Q

What direction does lead II see the heart from?

A

Inferior direction.

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8
Q

Why does the T wave look like a positive deflection when charge is moving away from the recording electrode?

A

Negative charge is moving away from the recording electrode, so looks like positive charge moving towards it.

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9
Q

What is the name of the reference system involving the standard and augmented limb leads?

A

Hexaxial reference system.

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10
Q

Why are the waves negative in aVR?

A

Predominant vector is depolarisation moving away from the recording electrode.

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11
Q

What do each of the chest leads look at?

A

V1+2 look at the septum, V3+4 look at anterior, V5+6 look at lateral aspect.

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12
Q

What happens to the R and S waves moving from V1-6?

A

R waves progressively increase, S wave progressively decreases.

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13
Q

What are the locations of the chest electrodes?

A

V1 - 4th intercostal space right sternal edge.
V2 - 4th intercostal space left sternal edge.
V3 - halfway between V2+4.
V4 - 5th intercostal space mid-clavicular line.
V5 - same horizontal level as V4, anterior axillary line.
V6 - same horizontal level as V5, mid-axillary line.

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14
Q

What is usually the size of the reference pulse?

A

10mm/1mV.

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15
Q

How do you calculate the heart rate by looking at the ECG?

A

300/number of large squares between R-R interval.

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16
Q

What are the 3 purposes of using 12 leads?

A

Allows you to: 1. determine axis of heart. 2. See ST segment or T wave changes in relation to specific regions of the heart. 3. Look for any voltage criteria changes (crucial in diagnosing chamber hypertrophy).

17
Q

Describe what a left bundle branch block would look like.

A
  1. Wide QRS with a W pattern in V1 (slight notching in upstroke of S wave).
  2. M pattern in V6.
    WILLIAM.
18
Q

Describe what a right bundle branch block would look like.

A
  1. Broad QRS with M pattern in V1.
  2. Sloped S wave (with the eye of faith, a Q shape) in V6.
    MARROW.
19
Q

What are the 6 main steps in ECG interpretation?

A
  1. Verify patient details: name and DOB.
  2. Check date and time ECG was taken.
  3. Check calibration of ECG paper.
  4. Determine axis if possible.
  5. Work out rhythm (using rhythm strip).
  6. Look at individual leads for voltage criteria changes or and ST or T wave changes.
20
Q

What are the 7 steps in working out the rhythm?

A
  1. Is electrical activity present?
  2. Is the rhythm regular or irregular?
  3. What is the heart rate?
  4. P-waves present?
  5. What is the PR interval?
  6. Is each P-wave followed by a QRS complex?
  7. Is the QRS duration normal?
21
Q

What would an ECG with a normal axis look like?

A

I and aVF would both point up.

22
Q

What would an ECG with right axis deviation look like?

A 
I would point down, aVF would point up. 
Lovers Returning (right is when they are pointing at each other).
23
Q

What would an ECG with left axis deviation look like?

A

I would point up and aVF would point down. Lovers leaving (left is when they are pointing away from each other).

24
Q

What are the inferior leads?

A

II, III and aVF.

25
Q

What are the anterior leads?

A

V1-6.

26
Q

What are the anteroseptal leads?

A

V1-4.

27
Q

What are the anterolateral leads?

A

I, aVL, V1-6.

First Year Revision (31 decks)

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