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Kinesiology 2 > Elbow And Forearm > Flashcards

Elbow And Forearm Flashcards

0
Q

What is the position of the forearm in passive flexion?

A

Shoulder in line up with humerus
Occasionally lines up medially
Dictated by the angle of the trochlear groove

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1
Q

What are aspects of the axis of rotation for the humeroulnar/radial joint?

A

Relatively fixed

Passes through the center of the capitulum and trochlea

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2
Q

What are the aspects of the carrying angle?

A

In anatomical position, the angle of the trochlea causes the ulna to deviate laterally from the humerus
Gives a normal valgus formation of the forearm on the humerus

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3
Q

What the carry angle for males and females?

A

Male 5-10

Female 10-15

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4
Q

When does the carry angle disappear?

A

In pronation or full flexion

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5
Q

What are the deformities that are associated with the carrying angle?

A

Excessive cubitus valgus occurs around 20 degrees

Cubitus varus occurs when the angle is less than 5 degrees (gunstock deformity)

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6
Q

Which two muscles are two joint muscles?

A

Biceps and triceps

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7
Q

What occurs when in elbow flexion, and shoulder flexion?

A

Biceps become actively insufficient

Triceps become passively insufficient

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8
Q

What occurs in elbow extension and shoulder extension

A

Biceps become passively insufficient

Triceps become actively insufficient

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10
Q

What are the positions of greatest mechanical advantage for biceps brachialis and brachioradialis?

A

Biceps- elbow flexed to 90-100 degrees
Brachialis-elbow flexed to 100 degree
Brachioradialis-elbow flexed to 100-120 degrees

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11
Q

When is the moment arm greatest for the triceps?

A

Near 0 degrees

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12
Q

When is the force production greatest for the extensors?

A

Near 90 degrees

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13
Q

What is as influential as leverage in determining where the peak torque occurs?

A

Muscle length

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14
Q

Why is muscle length influential in determining torque?

A

Length tension relationship

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15
Q

When is the brachialis active?

A

During all types of flexor activity.

Workhorse of the elbow flexors

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16
Q

When are the biceps quiet in flexor activity?

A

When the forearm is fully pronated

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17
Q

When is the brachioradialis the greatest in muscle activity?

A

Concentric flexion between 0-60 degrees

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18
Q

Which triceps head does the mot work during unressted extension?

A

Medial head

19
Q

What has to occur for all heads of the triceps to fire?

A

Resisted extension

20
Q

Which muscle is strongest: flexor or extensor?

A

flexor

21
Q

What muscle prevents elbow flexion when the biceps act as supinators?

A

The triceps

22
Q

Which muscle stabilizes the elbow during pronation and supination?

A

Anconeus

23
Q

Where is the longitudinal axis in the radioulnar joint?

A

Extends from the radial head to the center of the ulna

24
Q

In supination what occurs with the radius and ulna?

A

They are parallel

25
Q

In pronation what occurs to the radius and ulna?

A

Radius crosses ulna

26
Q

What happens with the ulna in general?

A

Very little motion

27
Q

What muscles produce and what occurs during pronation?

A

Pronator teres and pronator quadratus

Exert pull on radius and causes the distal end to rotate over the ulna

28
Q

What muscles produce and what occurs during supination?

A

Biceps and supinator

Exert pull on radius which causes the distal end to rotate away from the ulna

29
Q

What happens with slow unresisted supination?

A

Only the supinator acts

30
Q

What happens with resisted fast supination with the elbow flexed to 90 degrees?

A

Biceps acts

31
Q

Which muscles are strong: supinator or pronator?

A

Supinators

32
Q

Functionally, what is the elbow complex designed for?

A

Positioning of the hand

33
Q

What elbow motion is associated with pronation?

A

Elbow extension

34
Q

What elbow motion is associated with supination?

A

Elbow Flexion

35
Q

What is a greater functional loss: elbow extension or flexion?

A

Elbow flexion-have to go against gravity

36
Q

What is a greater functional loss: supinator or pronator?

A

Supinator

37
Q

Dealing with tendodesis, what alters the length-tension of the finger flexors and extensors?

A

Position of the wrist

38
Q

What will create passive flexion of the fingers?

A

Active extension of the wrist

39
Q

What will create passive extension o the fingers?

A

Active flexion of the wrist

40
Q

What activates to set the wrist into place to allow the finger flexors to work sufficiently?

A

Wrist extensors

41
Q

When the wrist is not in too much flexion or extension, how much more compression forces can be achieved?

A

20-30 degrees more

42
Q

What are the power grips?

A

Cylindrical (hammer)
Spherical (baseball)
Hook (briefcase)

43
Q

What are the precision grips?

A

Tip prehension-tip to tip
Palmer prehension-pad to pad
Lateral prehension-pad to side

Kinesiology 2 (12 decks)

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